Criminal proceedings against Costa Concordia Master in shipwreck Essay

Criminal proceedings against Costa Concordia Master in shipwreck - Essay Example On one account, the captain has been taken to court with regard to the fact that he was careless in the way he managed the ship before the accident. His actions are seen to have been the cause of the accident. For instance, he took the ship to give a salute at the port where the ship got an accident. In doing this, the captain had to deviate from the computer-programmed route of the ship and this has been seen as a form of carelessness that the captain must be held responsible for. On the other hand, the captain has attained the informal salute was ordered by the company and it was not his own decision. Whether the company ordered the salute or not, the truth is that both the captain and the company as a whole are responsible and must take responsibility. Deviating from the computer-programmed navigation route was a careless mistake and this mistake led to the loss of 32 lives and injuries of many people as well as mental trauma of all aboard the ship. Although the court has said tha t all passengers should be paid ten thousand Euros each, this cannot be enough to pay those who lost their loved ones and the company must pay more in order to be an example to other similar firms. The other legal issue coming from the case is the captain’s conduct after the accident. ... This leaves a very huge responsibility on him and this is one case he has to answer in court. The concept behind requiring the captain to be the last to leave the ship in such an incident is that since the captain is the one on whom the safety of the ship is bestowed, the captain should be the one to take the biggest responsibility. This should motivate such a captain to be more careful in the way he conducts himself in the ship and making sure that all safety measures are being taken in order to make sure that everybody, including him, is safe and sound in the ship. The captain has not been able to explain fully why he left the boat as soon as possible and left over two thousand people stranded in the wrecked ship. This, combined by the fact that the accident was also as a result of his obvious carelessness, leaves the captain in a hard position and he has to make sure he is able to convince the court that the he acted as responsibly as he could have. The captain, in his defence, ha s said that the shipwreck was as a result of his officers failing to take his order and ignoring his orders. This argument is not necessarily the best considering that as a leader he could have done a better job to take better control of his staff. By failing to do this, the captain failed to meet his duty as the captain of the ship and, thus, will be legally considered primarily responsible of the accident. More than that, evidence showed that the captain and his crew were indifferent towards the needs of the suffering passengers. In a certain court hearing a few months from the time the disaster happened, evidence in the form of a video footage shows the captain and his crew doing the peaking

Cyber search Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyber search - Assignment Example Assignments are also forwarded through a portal which is inbuilt inside the application. The teacher can then modify their instructions to meet the student’s individual needs.one can also organize important documents and customize it to fit in all classrooms needs.  This application makes students better educators because it is perfect for busy teachers, it will allow me to track students’ achievements quickly and easily. Teachers use a different mode of teaching when dealing with special education students. This is to make sure that the students are deprived the right to education. In case of deaf students, the teachers may use gesture to deliver the massage and educate the students. Teachers use braille and assist students in the learning activities Special students share some similarities, in a class one may find all of the students suffer from one disability; therefore it becomes hard for them to assist each other. On the other hand, you might find a class with extremely quick learners while still in the same class there are slow learners when it comes to the mastering of gestures and the braille language making it difficult for some students to communicate. . There are similarities between general and special students. Both groups of students need to work together and how to avoid discrimination among themselves (Foreman, 2009). The special students sometimes have adverse emotions having a mentality that they are discriminated by the entire society. They have different interests in life which they would like to accomplish. When addressing the needs of cultural diverse and the second language learners we have to consider about their back ground, this is to make sure there is a smooth transition as there are in a process of learning the new culture and language. Various procedures can be used to increase awareness in students by having motivational talks, it

Management and Leadership Principles Peter F Drucker

Management and Leadership Principles Peter F Drucker Introduction about Peter F Drucker Peter F Drucker, the father of modern management was a social commentator and preeminent business philosopher. Born on November 19, 1909, this management consultant wrote books and other scholarly articles, exploring the ways in which businesses; governments and the non-profit sectors of society get organized. His distinction between management and leadership has been a popular topic for debate for several years now. Leadership doing the right things Leadership acts as a tool in settling on the best course of action to take- what are the things that should be done to reach our targets? But according to Druckers philosophy, leadership is strong and successful when the leader thinks through questions like Of those things that would make a difference, which are right for me? By doing the right things, he meant that effective leadership is considering the companys mission, describing it and openly establishing it. It is a leaders job to set clear goals for the company and define the standards needed to be maintained while achieving the goals. Being aware that he is not in control of the universe, he has to make compromises. This, however, he does once he has thought of the right and the desirable. Drucker defines leadership as mundane, unromantic and boring. Its essence lies in performance. Effective leaders keep on checking their performance against the achievement of their goals. This practice helps them to analyse their choices and decide on what is important and needs immediate attention. It also assists them in identifying their strengths and recognizing their weaknesses. Regarding this, Drucker says: I have seen a great many people who are exceedingly good at execution, but exceedingly poor at picking the important things. They are magnificent at getting the unimportant things done. They have an impressive record of achievement on trivial matters. Setting the right kind of goals plays a significant role in developing a successful leader. It is of extreme importance to set realistic achievable goals which fit in with the overall mission, keeping in mind the external constraints such as political, economical, and financial and internal constraints such as the current resources available and the interpersonal issues. In accordance with this statement of his, lies the aspect of responsibility within leadership. Rank and privilege is not the core to leadership. It is, in fact, the sense of responsibility that the leader feels and exhibits that represents strong and reliable leadership. Hence, a successful leader is one who takes initiative to tackle a task and uses the given resources optimally to derive maximum benefit. Drucker claims Americas chief of army staff in World War II, General George Marshall, became a productive leader through responsibility and diligence. Such kinds of leaders do not fear the self-determined subordinates. Instead, they encourage their juniors, assisting them to reach their potential and accomplish all that they are capable of. Being ambitious for a leader is far smaller a risk than being mediocre. An effective leader is also aware of the consequence that organizations face in case of the leaders impeachment. In regard to this, Drucker rightly says: An effective leader knows that the ultimate task of leadership is to create human energies and human vision Drucker at one point stresses over the effectiveness that every leader is expected to possess. Be it in a government agency, a hospital, a business, a labour union, a university or army, a leader seems to bear high intelligence and imagination only seconds it. Yet he lacks the vital link between his effectiveness and his intelligence, imagination or knowledge. However, many leaders come in contact with the dangerous near successes traps which usually revolve around the mindset that one big push is all that is needed now. At such a stage, a leader should critically ask himself: When should I stop pouring resources into things that have achieved their purpose? This clearly shows that an essential leadership task is knowing when something has been used to its fullest, with maximum benefit derived. Once this is discovered, a good leader would know that now is the time to stop and move on to newer things because there are no more returns to be enjoyed. To this, Drucker claims to have advised his friend Rick Wareen, in these words: Dont tell me what youre doing, Rick. Tell me what you stopped doing. A successful leader also manages to earn the utmost trust of his followers. This does not necessarily mean that the followers are expected to like him and agree with him at every point. Instead, Drucker finds the reflection of it in the term integrity- followers should know that their leader means what he says. He should be a man of his words. Hence, leadership calls for congruency in beliefs, words and actions. And it should be consistent as he says: Effective leadership- and again this is very old wisdom-is not based on being clever; it is based primarily on being consistent. Management doing the things right Management as an institution has emerged rapidly and has had a huge impact so far. It has altered the social and economic structure of the developed countries. It has also impacted countries which participated in these economies as equal. Few executives recognize the tremendous force that management has. According to Drucker, management follows leadership. It involves doing what has been pointed out by the leader. It is not a bag of techniques and tricks. Neither is it a bundle of analytical tools such as those taught in business schools. Management, with its successes and problems, is rather based on a few basic principles: Management is about human beings. It is a critical, determining factor for organization which teaches people to perform with cooperation, capitalize on their strengths and ignore their weaknesses. Management is rooted in culture since it involves bringing people closer in a common venture. Finding parts of history, tradition and culture which can be used as the management elements is the basic challenge faced by the managers in developing countries. Commitment to common goals is essential for any enterprise to function successfully. Clear objectives defining a common vision is a prerequisite to its success. A manager is expected to think carefully and then set objectives, goals and the values to be demonstrated which he can later exemplify. Once the manager has identified a well rounded mission statement and goals and communicated it effectively at every level of the organization, there is a good chance that the venture will succeed. This is because all employees will have a sense of direction which will make them aim at a common objective. Growth and development of the enterprise and each of its members also results from management. Training and development should be established on all levels of institution. Communication and individual responsibility are the basis upon which any enterprise flourishes. All the people working in it, from different backgrounds and possessing different skills, should be working towards reaching a common aim, cooperating with each other simultaneously The quantity of output does not depict the performance of management and neither that of enterprise. It is in fact elements like market standing, innovation, productivity, development of people, quality and financial position which give a clear picture of the performance and survival of an enterprise. The enterprise is different with regard to its insides and outsides. The result only exists on the outside, which, for a business would be a satisfied customer. Lying on the insides of an enterprise are only its costs. Managers who understand these principles and adopt them in their course of action will develop into achieving managers. Thus by doing the right things, Drucker meant that a perfect manager is one who gets things done efficiently. Management has different dimensions to it and one of these is managing people. Drucker initially believed that there has to be one well defined way to manage people. But the work of Abraham H. Maslow in his book Eupsychian Management deeply influenced him and he became an immediate convert. Maslow had given enormous evidence about how different people should be managed in different ways. Argument Comparison It has been quite a fascinating debate as to whether leadership and management can co-exist. Other similar questions in this context are concerned with which of the two is more important. Evidence suggests that both are vital for any organization. And both can co-exist. In fact, the relationship between leadership and management can be described as being interdependent. By comprehending the difference between the two and sticking to their core structure, a leader and a manager together, can make the workplace much more productive. Stephen Covey demonstrates the difference between leadership and management by observing the pattern of functioning of a corporate leader. He spent most of his time managing day to day operations. To ensure maximum production, he worked with his managers, engaging with them. This was prior to learning about leadership. Once he got enlightened with the whole idea behind leadership, he quit taking care of the day-to-day operations. Instead, he explored the trends, examined data and began investigating ways for his company to remain competitive. In order to achieve this, he began setting strategic objectives for growth. As a result, corporate profits rose beyond 50% within a year, after years of sluggish pace at which the company grew. This example visibly shows how leadership diminished when the leader was trying to fill a managers place too. Once he established strong leadership with focus on the achievement of strategic objectives, his company further progressed. Thus, it verifies that management is all about assessing the strength and weaknesses of people and assigning them adequate tasks to reach the optimum output (efficiency) where as leadership involves defining the set of actions needed to finish off those tasks and provides the drive, creates the energy to remain focused (effectiveness). Drucker at one place said: Effectiveness (leadership) has to do with quality-the right direction; and efficiency (management) has to do with time. Conclusion To conclude, it is justified to say that both leadership and management are much more broad terms than perceived. Both are equally complex institutions, but nonetheless, essential for any organizations success. For an organization to succeed, it is vital that they find a balance between the two institutions, i.e leadership and management. This is because only if both the functions are effectively performed can a business operate in this competitive environment. Both are important jobs. While one gives the corporation a sense of purpose, the other provides it with the push in the right direction. Thus, Peter Drucker has accurately pointed out differences between the two and has given the professionals an insight to the fundamentals of an effective leadership and an efficient management system, which when coupled can lead a business to new heights of prosperity.

The Political Career of Richard Nixon Essay -- essays research papers

Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States. He is well known for the infamous Watergate scandal and was remembered by the American people as the first president to resign from office. However, he is also undoubtedly one of the most influential political figures when it comes to guiding the nation through one of its toughest time periods in history, as well as breaking the ice on foreign diplomacy with socialist countries such as China and the Soviet Union. Despite his downfall involving the Watergate Hotel, he had dedicated a tremendous amount of effort in domestic and world politics; and made numerous contributions during his life as a politician, which would give enough reason for future historians to believe that the second half of the twentieth century is truly â€Å"the age of Nixon†. Richard Milhous Nixon was born into a poor family on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California, and was raised in the nearby small town of Whittier. His mother, Hannah Milhous, was well educated and a religious member of the Quaker Society, while his father Francis Anthony Nixon was uneducated, had no steady jobs, and was accused of being quarrelsome with nearly everyone around him (American President, http://www.americanpresident.org/history/). Nixon was very introvert as a child. He had a difficult early life with series of hardships, which made a lasting effect on his character and personality. He did not fit in with most of his peers and had a lifelong difficulty of trusting people outside of his family (Nixon, 1978, 5-15). His anger was kept inside of him, which motivated him to develop a sense of competition and struggle, and inspired him to excel in school. He became the valedictorian of his grammar school and was an excellent debater in Whittier High School. It was also the re that he met first long-term girlfriend, Ola Florence Welch. Ola Florence was known for her beauty and strong character, with a brain to match. The two quickly fell in love and stayed together for six years. Ola Florence became engaged to Nixon in 1933. However, their romance fizzled as Ola Florence broke off their engagement in 1935 (Aitken, 1993, 58-65). Nixon studied at Whittier College in California and graduated in 1934. He went on to pursue his study of law at Duke University Law School in North Carolina. After graduating third in his class in 1937 (American President,... ...2004) -----. â€Å"Nixon’s China Visit†. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18006.htm (March 12, 2004) -----. â€Å"Who Said That?†. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/china/sfeature/wst_q3b.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 15, 2004) -----. â€Å"U.S. Presidential Election, 1972†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._presidential_election%2C_1972 (March 14, 2004) -----. â€Å"Watergate Chronology, 1971-1972†. http://www.watergate.info/chronology/1972.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 14, 2004) -----. â€Å"Watergate Chronology, 1973†. http://www.watergate.info/chronology/1973.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 14, 2004) Aitken, Jonathan. 1993. Nixon: A Life. London, Great Britain: Butler & Tanner Ltd. Lewis, Alfred E. â€Å"Washington Post, June 18, 1972†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/061872-1.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 16, 2004) Nixon, Richard. â€Å"Nixon’s Resignation Speech†. http://www.watergate.info/nixon/resignation-speech.shtml (March 17, 2004) Nixon, Richard. 1978. The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York: Grossett & Dunlap Publishers.

Managing Diversity in the Workforce

Abstract Having the need to live in a world of diverse culture, business companies deal with the hardship of dealing with the differences of the workforces in their organization. Is this a problem that cannot be solved? Recent studies show that this problem could actually be turned into a solution that the company could use towards its success. How? This is what is going to be discussed in the paper to follow. The possibilities of turning a diverse workforce into a unified organization would be introduced in this research in an aim to prove that managing a diverse workforce is more of a challenging opportunity than that of an irreversible business dilemma. Outline Introduction Introduces the subject to be talked about in a historical basis What is Diversity? Deals with the definition of diversity as a word to describe social differences and as a word that affects business activities. Getting along with Diversity A compilation of suggestion from business experts that have mastered the art of managing diverse workforces Conclusion The author’s opinion on the topic being discussed based from the researches that have been posted in the paper. Managing Diversity in the Workforce Introduction HAVE you ever heard stories of a race of people who had no mouth and therefore could neither eat nor drink? They were said to survive by smelling, mostly apples. A bad odor would kill them. There were also tales of a West African people who had gold to trade. A Portuguese ship’s captain of the time reported: â€Å"Two hundred leagues beyond [the] kingdom of [Mali], one finds a country the inhabitants of which have the heads and teeth of dogs and tails like dogs. These are the Blacks who refuse to enter into conversation because they do not wish to see other men.† Those were some of the strange ideas that were held many years ago, before the age of travel and discovery. Such stories were taken seriously for centuries. Nevertheless, as explorers charted the planet, they found no mouth less apple smellers, no dog-headed people. Today there remains little mystery about those who live beyond our borders. The world has become a global village. Television brings foreign lands and peoples into our living rooms. Air travel makes it possible to visit those lands within hours; millions of people do so each year. Others are on the move for economic or political reasons. States a report of the United Nations Population Fund: â€Å"On a scale unknown in history—and certain to grow—people around the world are uprooting themselves and migrating in search of a better life.† About 100 million people live outside the country in which they were born. Increasingly there is economic interdependency among nations. A global communications network, like a gigantic central nervous system, links every nation of the  earth. As ideas, information, and technology are exchanged, cultures merge and adapt to one another. Throughout the world, people dress more alike than ever before. Cities of the world share much in common—police, luxury hotels, traffic, stores, banks, pollution. Thus, as the peoples of the world come together, we witness what some describe as an emerging world culture. Nevertheless, while peoples and cultures intermingle, clearly not all see one another as brothers. â€Å"Everyone’s quick to blame the alien,† wrote a Greek playwright over 2,000 years ago. Sadly, the same is true today. The evidence is no farther away than newspaper reports of bigotry, hatred of foreigners, â€Å"ethnic cleansing,† racial strife, religious riots, massacre of civilians, killing fields, rape camps, torture, or genocide. Of course, most of us can do little or nothing to change the course of ethnic conflicts. We may not even be directly affected by them. For many of us, however, problems come from a lack of communication with the foreigners with whom we come into contact—neighbors, workmates, or schoolmates. Does it not seem odd that people of differing ethnic groups so often find it difficult to trust and appreciate one another? After all, ours is a planet of enormous diversity, endless variety. Most of us appreciate the rich variety of food, music, and color as well as the many kinds of plants, birds, and animals. Somehow, appreciation of variety does not always carry over to people who do not think and act in the same way that we do. Instead of looking at the positive aspects of diversity among peoples, many tend to focus on the differences and make them a point of contention.    Certainly, living in a world that is governed with diversity, it could be expected that in the workplace, diversity itself is also present and thus cannot be avoided. Many workers refer to this hardship as the common source of many conflicts within the working area. Hence, the performance of the employees is then directly affected. Impossible as it may have seemed, diversity within the workplace has still been referred to by many modern business enthusiasts such as John Riddle in his book â€Å"Business Management†. How could this be possible? Before knowing the preferred solution of experts towards the said problem, it is important to take notice of what is really meant by being diverse, and how does it really affect the entire performance of the workforce. What is Diversity? Diversity, when referred to in business terms may mean a lot of things. An organization’s workforce may be referred to as diverse for many reasons as well. Diversity may occur because of the differences of opinion because of the differences in personality, in age, in educational attainment, in status in life and even in culture. Mostly, as observed on different business companies, the main reason of such diversity is the existence of a much distinct group of races making up a single workforce for a company. How could all these happen? As mentioned in the introduction, many people have already transferred from place to place and a lot of those people, the so-called immigrants, have already decided to stay and work on the foreign lands they have gone to. Hence, the main effect of this social move on achieving success on other places, the employment of  the multicultural population has been the resort to supporting the lives of the said immigrants. Hence, the workforce of every company making up the business industries are at times having the same worries on how to face the challenge of dealing with and managing people who are widely different from each other. Getting along with Diversity As mentioned earlier, management of a diverse workforce has been one of the biggest problems that concern the human resources department of any type of company present in the business industries. Hence, it is just reasonable to say that at some points, some management teams may find it a difficult task as well. However, the author, John riddle says otherwise. According to him, â€Å"these are all factors of management that should be considered by good managers even before entering an organization† (113). Hence, this definitely means that avoiding diversity in the workforce may be impossible but giving a resolution to it is not that impossible. After all, there is still a common ground among the working force of each company no matter how diverse they may be it is that they are humans, which makes them capable of being dealt with and managed well. In this regard, John Riddle has suggested several points of consideration when dealing with such business problems. In general terms, he summarized the ways by which a good manager could handle the difficulties of dealing with a diverse workforce. The said suggestions are as follows: Concentrate on the strengths of the employees. When a manager discovers the tasks where the employees usually excel in, they should be assigned to them as they are expected to be more productive on those fields of the job. Understand the abilities and the potential of each employee present in the organization. These potential assets of the employees could as well be used by the company itself in aiming for the goals that it has set up for the future. Allow communication lines t be open at all times. It is very important for managers to be good listeners. The ability of hearing what the employees want form the company as well as to how they could be of bigger help to the organization could be used as a resource of ideas for the company as well. Make the employees feel that they too have a sense of authority in the company. However, this type of authority should not overstep that of the administration’s. It should be clear that this authority could only be exercised at specific times and places when it is permitted. This may often refer to an ‘open door’ policy that deals with an easier type of agreement between the employees, which could give them a chance to affect how the organization is being managed. They are then allowed to give suggestions; however, no suggestions are implemented unless approved by the administration. Make sure that all employees understand the business goals and objectives. It should always be remembered that a well-informed employee, whether young or old, is a productive employee. A manager should always remember that he is supervising people with feelings who are valuable members of the organization, hence, treating them with great respect at all times no matter what culture they come from is one of the most important virtue any manager could post as an example for his colleagues. Treating everyone fairly and sensitively is the key to creating a fine working environment. It should be remembered that because of the different clutters of the people, they all have different preferences; they have different personal obligations and other more. Considering the fact that dealing with multicultural workforce also involve dealing with their differences of belief, a manager could as well consider fairness at all times to be able to set a common ground for everyone else in the organization. Keep everyone else busy and going all the time. Feeling one’s worth is usually measured on the things they are able to do for the organization in a day. In this manner, it could be said that regardless of one’s difference from the others, being able to do something for the company and being of worth to the organization makes an employee feel that even though there are differences, he still belongs to the organization he is working for. Keep employees informed of the ins and outs of the organization. Keeping employees in the dark when some changes within the organization arise may give them the notion that they are not given importance by the administration of the company. Acknowledge the employees’ efforts, years of work, talent, creativity and good job attributes. Doing so would help everyone else strive for the best while they are working in the company. It could be noticed that the suggestions listed in here are general. Putting these suggestions into good use have mostly caused several companies to achieve unity beyond diversity in their own much diverse workforces. Hence, as Jones commented in his book â€Å"Contemporary Management†, â€Å"diversity is a normal part of modern management. Being globally distinct, it could not be avoided that dealing with different people everyday is a challenge to the modern managers today† (180). Conclusion The certainties of dealing with diverse people in the workforce are around ninety-nine percent. Considering that we are living in a culturally diverse society, it could be argued that a diverse workforce is indeed a challenge to many business managers today. However, at first, this fact may seem a big problem, on the other hand, if the managers are able to see the common ground of everyone else, which is being human, the said managers would recognize the possibility of making diversity a source of further progress for the company. Mixing up the talents and the abilities of the employees for the goal of the organization would surely help the company reach its peak potential. BIBLIOGRAPHY Riddle, John. (2001). Business Management. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts. Adams, Bob. (2000). Managing people: Lead your staff to peak performance. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts. Hiam, Alexander. (2001). Motivating and rewarding Employees: New and better ways to inspire your people. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts. Martinez, Esdras. (1998). Buisness Managements theories and practice. Rex books Publishing. Manila, Philippines. Jones, Gareth R. (2004). Contemporary Management. Irwin/McGraw-Hill; 4th edition.                  

`Les Demoiselles d`Avignon` by Picasso Essay

When Picasso painted `Les Demoiselles d`Avignon` he didn`t show the work immediately. What was so controversial and different about this painting? Discuss painting disrupt prevailing aesthetics of the time?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pablo Picasso, one of the most outstanding and influential artists of art history created the icon of the Modernism era in art. Modernism in arts is now 100 years old and this is attributed with the release of one of Picasso’s painting, Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon. In 1907, the Titanic has yet to sick, San Francisco in the United States was still shattered with the devastation of an earthquake, but in the Parisian Hill of Montmartre, which is home to anarchy and cabaret, a Spanish immigrant named Pablo Picasso is creating the first and greatest masterpiece of modern art. Picasso at the age of 25 drew Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon in the winter of 1906-1907. His ideas of his subject were created with conscious planning and a resemblance of some of his influences, Leonardo and Gà ©ricault. The 8 feet square canvass described with the nature of reality was to be discovered as profound as other advancement of the field of knowledge contributed by Picasso’s contemporary, Albert Einstein, in the field of Physics. It cannot be said that 100 years of painting has occurred with the masterpiece of Picasso, but rightfully stated is that modernism had initiated with his masterpiece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon shows five women entangled in silver and blue draperies and two of them stand with arms raised to flaunt their breast. The other three women wore masks; one was in brown wooden simulacrum of a face, the two in African masks. One of the two women wearing African masks is intruding behind a jagged cloth while the other squats among fabric of diamonds. There in the canvass is also a plate of fruits. And the painting shows the first emergence of cubism, with nude women where scarce curves could be seen, sharp elbows, geometrical silhouettes of hips and waists and triangle breast. The painting attends to symmetry and space. To many art historians and critics, the work of Picasso in particular with this painting is incomparable. As an artist, he somehow knew that he was doing something of grave importance in the art world, even revolutionary but cannot seem to discern it. To look intently of the Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon does not bring its full content and meaning, in order to interpret it, one must look at it from afar, and with an unfocused eye. This painting exemplifies the art of looking into the painting. What Picasso is conveying is the furious return of look with contempt from the painting spectator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The African masks worn by the three women are essential in describing the disguise of the characters intent. Picasso picked his subjects intently because it had a sense of being a clichà ©, and what Picasso was trying to do was show the originality of art being not bounded by morality, or formality but in being innovative. What Picasso did with this painting is to introduce what Modernism is, that arts triumphs from over content. There is also a sense of earthiness of Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon as it showcase sexuality at the same time anticipates the discoveries explicit in Cubist art. It can be described as a rebellion from the western tradition styles. Picasso liberates eroticism because the painting lacks any meaning or narration. Today painting is on its re-emergence period, with several British artists going back to using the medium of paint and canvass. But for over 100 years, Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon is still so new as a form and style employed in painting. It has transcended into greater respect for the art community because Picasso’s work showed the trend of modernism and even started it. For it to be called a masterpiece is an insult because Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon can still be regarded as the most recent face of Modernism art. Discuss Matisse`s painting `Blue Nude,` in particular the formal dynamics of the painting, the style and subject matter. Also, compare with his earlier works `The Joy of life,` and `Luxe, Calme et Volupte.`   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henri Matisse is considered the most important painter of the 20th century. He was the leader of the fauvist movement which emerged in the 1900. His works are described with expressive colors and subjects who are domestic or figurative treated in a distinct Mediterranean style. Pablo Picasso is one of his contemporaries and is characterized as more methodical in terms of temperament compared to Picasso. Matisse if often times compared to Raphael, who taught and encourage other painters. His works employs different styles, from Impressionism to near abstraction. His paintings are more exciting with its colors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blue Nude is Matisse showcase of his fondness in the use of colors. Released in 1907, the Blue Nude exemplifies Matisses’ employment of abstract expressionism. Blue Nude or Souvenir de Biskara is a painting of journey. The artist experimented with contraposto or the undulating S-curve pose. He uses this method also in his later sculptures. The painting was done after Matisse’s trip to North Africa in which he became inspired form the African culture and society; this evidently is carried in his works. The painting is a reclining nude, a dynamic variation of the classic Venus pose and abstracts his painting with African influences. The Blue Nude: memory of Biskra has increased abstraction, extreme contraposto, vigorous application of blue as its color, and mask- like character of the woman’s face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Le Bonhour de vivre or the Joy of Life measures 8 feet wide and is characterized with lines, spaces and colors influenced by the Art Nouveau style. There are the arrangement of trees and people. The different groups in the painting exhibit the independence and arrangement of their distinctions. The dancers at the center of the painting became frequent as subject of Matisse in later works; they were inspired by fishermen dancing in the village. There is also the reclining image motif. This painting was believed to have started the inspiration for Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon painting which was a breakthrough. Luxe, Calme et Volupte of 1904 is often thought of as the first Fauve painting which emerged in art history. It is painted primarily in tones of red and yellow and had languid nudes at water’s edge that is part of depicting a landscape. There is countless of sunlight rays and images and the objects usually Matisse employs; beach promenades, nestled fishing boats sinous trees and inviting houses that reveals a sense of serenity. Discuss the use of language and found objects in Analytical Cubism and Cubist Collage. Analytical cubism is characterized with fragments and intersecting planes that have argued that the underlying intention of cubism artists is to depict object or human forms from multiple perspectives. The analytical cubism invented a new visual language that has its own internal logic and consistency that does not attempt to depict accurately or directly nature. Shown by the works of Picasso and Braque, they limited the use of color scheme to dark browns and grays that radically departed from the form of nature. Cubist collage on the other hand or synthetic cubism began with Picasso alone in the early 1914 or late 1913. It is the point in which Picasso gained and led the Cubist innovation among his contemporary, Braque. The language is to escape the flatness and constricting form of collage and divert the process into forming literal three dimensional objects and paintings. Cubist collage aims to push forward into literal space in front of the picture plane.    Reference: Luxe, Calme Et Volupte. (2004).  Ã‚   Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.henry-matisse.com/luxe.html Anonymous. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon by Pablo Picasso.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.geocities.com/picasso0408/demoizav.html Anonymous. (2007). Cubism: Analytical Cubism.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.lycos.com/info/cubism–analytical-cubism.html Greenberg, C. (2003). Collage.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.sharecom.ca/greenberg/collage.html Harden, M.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/matisse/bonheur.jpg.html

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example Millennium Development Goals Essay Millennium Development Goals Essay Black (cited Chianti 2004:2) explained ;modernization as the third great revolutionary transformation in human affairs and the process of rapid change since the scientific revolution. The process of this change is of the same great as that from pressman(sic) to human and from primitive to civilized society. For a world were dynamism and upgrading is the order of the day, moving from a lower to a higher system can be said to be appropriate and Ghana as a nation must not be left out of the global trend, rather we (Ghana) should transform the deteriorating traditional societies to a modernized one. The difference between modernizing and rotational societies is profound-being the difference between simple static structure and complex dynamic process. I-IN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. 2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. 3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. 5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions. Many has been done to reducing poverty in rural areas, meanwhile, arbitration is leading to the sprawl of cities given birth to many slums. Although investments have been made in various sectors, such as health and infrastructure. In addition to the introduction above this essay will explore; Modernization theory and development Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Conclusion. Modernization theory and development; The basis of modernization theory is a shift from traditional to modern which includes both economic and social factors. Most developed countries including the west have gone through the developing stage and one theory that underpinned their development is said to be the modernization theory. In quest for slum upgrade in Ghana, modernization is one area that cannot be eschewed reading from the many evolved countries. Modernization theory is not a single, homogeneous theory, but rather a collection of several theoretical approaches. This leaves us in a position here it is not possible to find intrinsic elements of modernization theory, but we can instead find common elements as described by Brahmas (cited Behind 2000, 13) the six common elements of modernization; Modernization draws upon a number of development factors (technological change, capital accumulation, changing values and attitudes). These different factors can be analyzed from several different perspectives, but most common is the idea of inducing social change (in values, norms, beliefs, customs). It was thought that these social changes would prompt other spheres of development. Societies and the components which make up societies (values, institutions, social groups, and religions) can be divided into traditional and modern spheres. These two spheres usually exist separately, but dual societies can exist for shorter periods of time. In the end the modern will overtake the traditional. Development, as experienced by the West, is the same path which the third world countries will follow. The modernization process is seen as similar for all countries, but the rates of change and the general pace of development might differ. Modernization is seen as inevitable and assumed to be beneficial for all. Modernization is synonymous with Westernizes. Key factors for the development of the west came from within. Such factors might involve changes in values and attitudes, technological innovations and investment capital. In the third world, however, if these factors could be supplied the modernization process would speed up. The pace of modernization is dependent on agents of change that is to say leadership or leaders. Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Internationally development is marked by some pointers including the human development index (HID) which focuses on the individual development of the citizenry. The HID measures development in three basic dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Minion the ;Agents of change in Ghana made massive step to developing the underdeveloped of Ghana by signing on to the Millennium Development Goals (MEG). The Mugs are made up of eight different goals with their targets and their indicators, all of which points to development. ;In September 2000, world leaders adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and expand the choices of the poor. A set of time bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women the Millennium Development Goals (Mugs) were placed at the heart of the global development agenda. Nevertheless, till date Ghana is struggling to relatively develop. I therefore argue that modernization [modernizing Ghana especially the slums can lead to Ghana achieving the entire eight Mugs base on the following argument; Mostly slums are often the first step out of rural poverty. The rural poor move to cities, where there are more employment opportunities and better access to services such as health care and education and they settle mostly in the slums, perhaps they create the slum settlements. In many slums, overcrowding and inadequate or non-existent school facilities and other amenities further impact the quality of education that children receive. In some countries, adolescents drop out of school because of insufficient or overcrowding in slum schools, or because of family responsibilities, such as taking care of siblings while parents are at work The use of solid fuels in slum households increases the chances of children contracting respiratory illnesses, such as ammonia. Many slums are also located in or near hazardous or toxic sites, which expose children to additional environmental and health hazards. Parents struggling to pay for food, school fees and transport costs may be unwilling or unable to pay for the health care of their children, which has an impact on child mortality rates. Many women living in slums cannot afford the relatively more expensive delivery and post- natal health services. Slum residents often start sexual intercourse younger, have more sexual partners, and are less likely than other city residents to know of or adopt preventive measures against contracting HIVE/AIDS. Poor sanitation and lack of toilet facilities in slums has also led to large sections of the population defecating in the open. This contributes to contamination of water and land resources, and is a cause of many of the water-borne diseases prevalent in slums. Although investments have are often not targeted specifically at slums. Many African countries in the sass, adopted slum and squatter upgrading programmer largely funded by the World Bank. Turner (cited Ben C. Airman) had argued based on field observation in Peru that the solution to slums was not in their demolition, but in improving the environment: if governments could improve the sanitary conditions and environmental quality of slums, then residents given their organizational skills and resourcefulness will gradually improve their houses, especially when encouraged by security of tenure and access to credit. The adoption of slum upgrading strategies marked a radical change in official attitude towards slum and informal settlements. Upgrading programmer are locality-based improvement strategies designed to replace the various degrees of obsolescence and decay in slum areas through the provision or improvement of basic services and physical infrastructure such as water education, sanitation, garbage collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved footpaths and streets Babbles, (cited Ben C. Airman, 6) Conclusion Slums provide an important entry point for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals; the sheer concentration of people living in slums make them ideal targets for interventions aimed at reducing poverty, reducing child mortality and HIVE/AIDS, improving literacy and promoting environmental sustainability in urban areas. Meds, benchmark for development, modernization that means development.

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African American and Body Paragraphs

Instructions: Copy and paste the following text into a document or create a document that contains the same information. Writing Prompt What stylistic elements does King use to influence his readers? After reading and analyzing Letter from Birmingham Jail, write an essay in which you answer the question and analyze structure and language in his text, providing 3 or more examples to illustrate and clarify your analysis. What conclusion can you draw about the power of this text? 1. Copy and paste the introduction of your essay. If your instructor suggested any revisions to your introduction, please make your revisions and include in the space below. â€Å"Its unjust treatment of Negroes in the courts is a notorious (well-known) reality. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. These are the hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts. † Unfortunately, he was right. Those were â€Å"hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts† at that time. During the time he wrote the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† the African-American Civil Rights Movement was happening. People were protesting to get equal rights for â€Å"colored people†, to outlaw racial injustice in the USA and Martin Luther King Jr. was a big part of it. He was one of the leaders of this movement; this letter that he wrote was from jail because he was given a penalty for parading without a permit. Martin Luther King shows this power through similes, rhetorical questions and imagery which creates a bigger more important picture in the readers mind. Write 2. Using what you have learned about evidence, explanation, quotations, and paraphrase, write your body paragraphs in the space below. You will need to include at least one of each of the following: †¢a direct quotation introduced with a complete sentence and a colon †¢a direct quotation introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma †¢a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence †¢a paraphrased example †¢an embedded quotation Locate 3. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a complete sentence and a colon. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 4. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 5. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence. Copy and paste it here. 6. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one paraphrased example and copy and paste it here. 7. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one embedded quotation and copy and paste it here. Reflect 8. What are you most proud of in this draft of your body paragraphs? 9. What questions do you have about how to use examples or explanations in your writing? [ Close ]

Should Local School Boards be Allowed to Ban Books from School Research Paper

Should Local School Boards be Allowed to Ban Books from School Libraries or Block Access to Select Internet Sites - Research Paper Example The threat of censorship  is much greater than it appears at first glance.† (Brenyo, 2011, p.544) The issue of censorship is also witnessed in high school publications, where a perennial power tussle exists between â€Å"student journalists decrying potential violations of their free speech and administrators who point to their responsibility to protect the welfare of the student body.† (Jenco, 2008, p.1) While bans and censorship of scholarly content might be warranted in exceptional circumstances, the high incidence of issuing of bans and curbs in the country is not acceptable. The rest of this essay will present supportive arguments for this thesis. In the tussle between student journalists and school authorities, the latter claim that they need to cross-check the content in order to take legal and financial responsibility for the publication. Moreover, screening the paper in advance enables them to tone down inflammatory rhetoric used by students. To ease the tensi on between student bodies and educators, â€Å"newspaper advisers educate their administrators about First Amendment laws as they apply to student journalism and that the newspaper staffs, in turn, use their freedom responsibly. It's important for a democracy, important for society, important for learning of students to know they have a voice and are expected to be responsible within the law but also be given opportunity within the law to demonstrate they can handle that.† (Jenco, 2008, p.1) The first and foremost reason for not allowing books to be banned is the law. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States says the â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Stewart Jr., 2007, p.552) Hence, those who ban books invo ke breaches of law at several places. Not only does it amount to respecting the views of a religion in public institutions, but also prohibits free exercise of freedom of speech. It also breaks the spirit of the First Amendment by objecting to what is a peaceful assembly of students in the classroom. Books by Charles Darwin and his supporters are the most frequently prohibited items in school libraries, due to the exposition on theory of evolution they contain. Apologists for banning these books should remember that their action is unconstitutional by virtue of breaching the First Amendment at several places. There are other legislations and case verdicts that stipulate the extent of intellectual freedom citizens can avail. The 1982 Supreme Court case Board of Education is one such; others include the Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico case and the 1988 Supreme Court case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The verdict in the Pico case stated that an educatio nal institution is not permitted to ban a book from its library just because its administrative board disagrees with the content of the book. The Hazelwood case allowed reasonable restrictions on content, mandated exacting criteria for imposing the same. But it is an unfortunate turn of events that subsequent courts have not respected the spirit of Pico and Hazelwood judgments. Instead, they have been providing a

The Business Proposal (The Genius Junior) Essay

The Business Proposal (The Genius Junior) - Essay Example The Genius Junior is a small firm that operates as an education mediator that mediates between the education institutes in UK and the Saudi students who wish to study in the UK. The goal of the company is to extend support to students who are keen on studying in UK and get cultural exposure and make profits at the same time through a stipulated commission from the institutes that the students get enrolled in. The company started its operations at a small scale with just the owners getting successful associations with institutes and signing contracts to make a commission of 20-25% on every enrolled student. The first year of operation saw decent returns on investment and all stakeholders were keen at getting associated with the company for the future feasibility of the project. Several theories and researches explain that it’s easier to penetrate a market that has some competition than the one that is entirely new for any product or services in terms of exploration. There will certainly be enough takers of a service that boasts of future nurturing and better career prospects. The most unique thing about this service being provided to students of Saudi Arab is that they or their parents do not have to struggle and run to and fro in trying to meet the formalities. In order to find out the interests, preferences, and influential factors of the target market, i.e. children in the age group of 14-25 years, an extensive market research will be conducted. The ideas generated from this market research will be utilized in targeting the potential consumers of the facility to be able to under go courses at UK schools and universities. In order to remain competitive, the company will strive for constant improvements in services and associations in future within the financial and time constraints. Games Workshop is successfully operating in the gaming industry and has made significant

Importance Of The Tea Party Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance Of The Tea Party Movement - Essay Example Tea Party disrupts the political process and it does not help America move forward. Instead of contributing to the national government, it thoroughly muddles policymaking to the point of paralysis. It’s the reason for existence is redundant, echoing that of the Republican, although in a noisier and more populist manner not unlike the voice of the rabble. A core component of the argument that the Tea Party is not a helpful addition to American politics is the fact that it does not have a single uniform agenda. The leaders and organizers try to rationalize this by saying that such fragmentation and decentralization prevents the party from being co-opted and corrupted from within (Rauch 2010). But, unfortunately, this is not the case. The lack of leadership and unifying principles paved the way for divergent goals and priorities among the various groups that constitute the party. The result is raucous agenda that even confounded the very Tea Party members or those affiliated with the group. Consider, for example, the rally that some of Tea Party members staged amidst the debt limit deadline while the Senate is deadlocked and nowhere near the resolution of the crisis. The group converged on the World War II memorial on the National Mall and did some damage to some facilities before proceeding to stage their antics near the White House. As speaker after speaker spoke in unorganized fashion either on a platform or before television cameras, the different messages were vying for the public’s attention. At one point, someone was talking about the government closing down the national park. Then, an attendee interviewed by the members of the media covering the event was calling for civil disobedience, demanding that Obama is removed from office (Cooper 2013).

Threatened Species Act Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Threatened Species Act - Case Study Example This is also available along the Winburndale Nature Reserve. This tree is found in more than fifty five different locations in New South Wales. The current status of the trees is more that of relicts, though they were pretty wide spread earlier on (Hunter 1998). Due to changes in the environmental condition, there has been an overall depletion of these species. They have been slowly losing ground and the population of the species has been depleting in all the locations. The exact reason for such depletion has not yet been ascertained, though a number of possible causes have been identified. In a similar way, the influence it has on the rest of the flora and fauna in the locality is also not fully identified though most of them and the influence of the tree are also identified in the environment. These trees mostly occur in table lands and on a wide variety of geological soils at reasonable altitudes. Most often these trees occur in foot slopes of hilly terrains, though by nature they can grow on any type of land. This species flowers during the months of January to April. The seeds are spread once they are formed. They travel in air and is carried away by wind. They are not carried to long distances. They are always found in close proximity to the parent tree. They fall due to gravity and get into the soil when the wind blows. While the reproduction is helped by nature, their destruction is also caused mostly by nature. The forest fires are the main reasons for destroying nearly 30% of the saplings when they start sprouting. These also weaken even the adult trees there by causing the trees to wither later. However, many of the mature trees sprout after the forest fires. The Eucalyptus trees have the possum in their leaves which makes them averse for animals that feed on them. This is a defensive mechanism that most of the Eucalyptus species adopt and this species also adopts. This protects itself from the animal kingdom to a large extent making its survival in the forest easier (Jeffrey Harborne, 1999). This is made possible by the presence of phenolic chemical components present in the leaf. It is also found that the trees since they have the stringy bark are not particularly attractive to animals to feed on them. Biologically it has protected itself from grazing animals. However, it maintains a balance of available trees and plants in the location where it has been thriving. Now with the depleting population of these trees this delicate balance is affected. The trees are biologically affected when their hybrids are found in the neighbourhoods with other tree species. This hurts the population of the original species since the hybrids grow in the same region and try to destroy the original species. This is one of the major reasons for the population of the species to come down drastically. The species develops putative hybrids with closely related species. The hybrid populations reach as much as 30% of the species population in certain areas causing large scale reduction in the species population (Ladiges & Humphries, 1986). Social Relationships Apart from the forest fires, land clearing and open cut coal mining continues to be major cause for the destruction of these species. In the case of forest fires, the trees have worked out a methodology to get around these and are able to sprout after a fierce forest fire, they do not hold any chance against human activities of

Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Communication - Essay Example The goal of the company is sustainable growth reflected in consistency and profits. In order to achieve its goals, the company need commitment to accelerate efficiency, reduce cost, focus on potential markets and implement efficient decision-making and execution processes. One of the greatest challenges the company is faces is that the beer industry is in its mature competitive stage. In the beer industry, 37% of American adults are beer drinkers. Furthermore, it is the widely purchased hot drink with a projected steady growth. The beverage is enjoyed by all types of consumers. Competition from other competitors is immensely strong. Every company tries to strengthen their global position. Some of Heineken’s rivals are InBev and Grupo Modelo. To cope with the stiff competition most companies, sorted to merging and acquisition. For example; South African PLC united with Miller, and Molson was acquired by Coors. In 2004, InterBrew merged with Ambev and later acquired Anheuser-Bus ch. Heineken has to ensure that it is well presented globally. It became the first company in worldwide distribution of its products aided with strategically placed warehouses. In its operations, small brewers were acquired that made it the biggest beer maker in Eastern Europe. With many brewers across the world, the company has the strength of shipping its products to local areas with minimum costs. Through the acquisition of many breweries, it managed to spread it label. The company decided not to advertise its product on TV in UK from the year 2006. This communication strategy is challenging because most corporations used media to reach homes of millions (Lin, no date). Part 2: Evaluation of corporate communication Is the communication strategy chosen by Heineken a creative corporate communication? The strategy was a right one. The aim of corporate communication is to pass your message across to clients, organization staff as well as to the stakeholders. The message preached is t he starting point of discussion within the organization, and a message can be communicated through many options. The point of argument for Heineken was that TV channels cannot effectively reach targeted market because they are many. The company sought for better alternatives that were adequate and effective than TV adverts (Aashwin 2005). Heineken became sponsors of Heineken European Cup in rugby union and European Champions League through Amstel beer. Through this strategy, the company would get exposure on TV with a target of reaching its consumers. This mode of approach looks more effective than blanket TV adverts. Creativity in reaching its global market puts it ahead of its competitors. Through this sponsorship program, customers get associated with the product of the organization. Heineken incorporated other efficient ways of communication. Communication is conveyed through mission statement, packaging, logos, livery, endorsement and straplines. Part 3: Legislation Communicati on policy is required by organizations because it provides guidelines managers should use in daily communication with employees, stakeholders and customers. Guidelines are also issued on company spokesperson and rights of employees. A clear definition of operational methods is required because they are used in marketing and influence physical design of markets and regulations. Factors to be considered when developing

Music of the 1960's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music of the 1960's - Essay Example As a result, the participants of war are always in need of encouragement, motivation, hope, and renewed courage to participate and sustain the struggle with a hope of winning at the long end. Music has always sought to provide these needs in parts or in totality. Indeed, music has been in the forefront to incite, condemn, and encourage people to war.  Moreover, war music acts as a vehicle to spread propaganda, incite people to participate, and as an incentive to patriotism and enlistment in the ranks (Wells, 2004). However, we also have anti-war songs that discourage participation in war and calls for its end. Indeed, music served as a catalyst to unite people against war and in particular, against the Vietnam War (Anderson, 2006).Hence, the significance of music in addressing the societal problem of war is unquestionable. This paper will address the issue of war using five songs recorded in the 1960s. To achieve this, the paper will analyze the songs for similarities and differenc es in how they address the social issue of war. The songs to consider include â€Å"Masters of War† by Bob Dylan, â€Å"For What It's Worth† by Buffalo Springfield,    â€Å"I Ain't Marching Anymore† by Ochs Phil, Phil Ochs â€Å"What Are You Fighting,† and Ccr â€Å"Bad Moon Rising.† All the five songs, advocate for anti-war activities with the main theme of ending war. Ccr â€Å"Bad Moon rising,† recognizes the fact that there is no need to fight claiming the war brings forth rage and ruin. Indeed, everyday that people go out for war, deaths are registered. Hence, the artist warns that the war front will claim lives. Hence, there is a need to stop the war. This is a roots rock song, whose target audience is the participants of war. English vocabularies feature in the lyrics. A group wrote and sang the song. Phil Ochs â€Å"What Are You Fighting† equally condemns fighting in that though we are fighting, many are jobless, no equalit y in our countries, the leaders are full of lies, the media is also practicing truancy, we are still enslaved, and children are in despair. Hence, before we venture into war we should win our wars at home. This is a folk song, whose target audience is the participants of war. English vocabularies feature in the lyrics. An individual singer wrote and sang the song. â€Å"For What It's Worth† by Buffalo Springfield, notes that a lot we go down if we continue fighting. Children will suffer, masses will die, and Paranoia  will strike deep. This is a folk rock song, whose target audience is everybody with war experiences. English vocabularies feature in the lyrics. The band wrote and sang the song. â€Å"I Ain't Marching Anymore† by Ochs Phil, Phil Ochs, sees no need to fight since the old leaders always leads the young to war  yet it is always the young that fall. Brothers and sisters have fallen to war, engaging in war for no good reason, enslaving many in war, cities destroyed, counties conquered and yet there is nothing positive to show though the war is still on. Indeed, it is time to stop the war. This is a folk song, whose target audience is nobody in particular. English vocabularies feature in the lyrics. An individual singer wrote and sang the song. â€Å"Masters of War† by Bob Dylan believes the world war will not end. The leaders and the rich lead the young to war and run away. They deceive them that the world war will be won yet millions are dying, property destroyed, children suffer

Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Communication - Essay Example The goal of the company is sustainable growth reflected in consistency and profits. In order to achieve its goals, the company need commitment to accelerate efficiency, reduce cost, focus on potential markets and implement efficient decision-making and execution processes. One of the greatest challenges the company is faces is that the beer industry is in its mature competitive stage. In the beer industry, 37% of American adults are beer drinkers. Furthermore, it is the widely purchased hot drink with a projected steady growth. The beverage is enjoyed by all types of consumers. Competition from other competitors is immensely strong. Every company tries to strengthen their global position. Some of Heineken’s rivals are InBev and Grupo Modelo. To cope with the stiff competition most companies, sorted to merging and acquisition. For example; South African PLC united with Miller, and Molson was acquired by Coors. In 2004, InterBrew merged with Ambev and later acquired Anheuser-Bus ch. Heineken has to ensure that it is well presented globally. It became the first company in worldwide distribution of its products aided with strategically placed warehouses. In its operations, small brewers were acquired that made it the biggest beer maker in Eastern Europe. With many brewers across the world, the company has the strength of shipping its products to local areas with minimum costs. Through the acquisition of many breweries, it managed to spread it label. The company decided not to advertise its product on TV in UK from the year 2006. This communication strategy is challenging because most corporations used media to reach homes of millions (Lin, no date). Part 2: Evaluation of corporate communication Is the communication strategy chosen by Heineken a creative corporate communication? The strategy was a right one. The aim of corporate communication is to pass your message across to clients, organization staff as well as to the stakeholders. The message preached is t he starting point of discussion within the organization, and a message can be communicated through many options. The point of argument for Heineken was that TV channels cannot effectively reach targeted market because they are many. The company sought for better alternatives that were adequate and effective than TV adverts (Aashwin 2005). Heineken became sponsors of Heineken European Cup in rugby union and European Champions League through Amstel beer. Through this strategy, the company would get exposure on TV with a target of reaching its consumers. This mode of approach looks more effective than blanket TV adverts. Creativity in reaching its global market puts it ahead of its competitors. Through this sponsorship program, customers get associated with the product of the organization. Heineken incorporated other efficient ways of communication. Communication is conveyed through mission statement, packaging, logos, livery, endorsement and straplines. Part 3: Legislation Communicati on policy is required by organizations because it provides guidelines managers should use in daily communication with employees, stakeholders and customers. Guidelines are also issued on company spokesperson and rights of employees. A clear definition of operational methods is required because they are used in marketing and influence physical design of markets and regulations. Factors to be considered when developing

Cellular Respiration Essay Example for Free

Cellular Respiration Essay Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: †¢ What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is a way cells store food and energy, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cellular respiration happens in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The three stages are Glycolysis, Citric cycle, and electron transport. †¢ What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Glycolysis splits the sugar that goes in to the cell. Then in converts in to energy the cell need. It does not need oxygen to occur. †¢ What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Citric acid occurs after glycolysis process, high energy electrons are produced. It occurs only when oxygen is present but does not always use it. †¢ What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Electron transportation system requires oxygen. It’s a series of electrons carriers in the membrane of the mitochondria. Photosynthesis: †¢ What is the overall goal of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a process whereby plants, algae and bacteria convert light energy in to chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water. †¢ Because photosynthesis only occurs in plants, why is it essential to animal life? Photosynthesis is important for animals because the plants produce the sugar they need as a vital nutrient for the animals. †¢ What is the role of the light reactions? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The reactants of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis are H20 (water), ADP, and NADP+. The products of light-dependent pathways of photosynthesis are Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH. The reactants of light-independent reactions are ATP, NADPH, and Carbon Dioxide. The main purpose of the light independent reaction is to produce glucose. Rate This Answer What is the role of the Calvin cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Summary: †¢ Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are linked within ecosystems. The link between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is an inverse relationship; both are opposites of each other. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds from sunlight. The most frequent compound is sugar. †¢ Visit the NASA website (http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/) and research global temperature changes. How has global warming affected overall temperatures? What effects do cellular respiration and photosynthesis have on global warming? References. 1. http://www.biolib.cz/en/main 2. UnversityofPhoenix(2011)Photosentisys.p109

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 BANDARI RAMESH Introduction Many of the countries are believed children are big resources of their country in the context of well being and development. According to the eminent person Herbert Hoover, 31st president of United States said that â€Å"children are our most valuable resources†. Therefore, government of the each country start many programs and laws for protecting children from various conditions. I would like to explore the topic about â€Å"Child labour (prohibition and regulation) act† in the year of 1986. Along with why government look into this act and provisions, what are the significant impacts of child labour by this act? These would be explained in the following paragraphs. First and foremost, what are the reasons behind causes of child labour, Child labour is socio-economic phenomenon. This phenomenon is trapped in vicious circle by poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, demographic expansion, deep social prejudices and above all the government interest are commonly consider as the most prominent causative factors for large scale employment children. It has been officially started that â€Å"child labour no longer of economic exploitation but it necessitated by economic necessity of the parents and many cases that of the chid himself†. Moreover, there are several causes which have failed to check out child labour. Particularly in India the causes of failure are poverty, low wage of the adult, unemployment, migration to urban areas, large families, lack of subsistence income and children ignorance by parents these are incentives to the children comprises in the activities. In order to tackle this problem government has initiated some acts before enacted this act that are Merchant Shipping Act, 1951 Mines Act, 1952 Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 Beedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966 Due to improper implementation of existing acts and the lack media coverage these acts sufficiently not benefited to children. That is why; government has taken step to reduce child labour in the field of formal and informal sector. At that time act was come out that is child labour (prohibition and regulation) in the year 1986. In addition, Indian constitution provides many provisions to the child, prohibited child labour and it also mention the rights of the child. They are, Article 23: prohibition of employment children from factories Article 39: certain principles of policy to be followed by state that are referring to the secure of children that the health and strength of workers, men and women and the tender age of age children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter evacuation and unsuited their age and strength. Article 45: provision for early childhood care and education to the children below the age of six years. Article 21-A: right education the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children age of six to 14 year. Even though, children were exploited by the factories and small scale industries. Therefore, the government of India enacted that was â€Å"child labour (protection and prohibition)† in the year 1986. This is an act prohibit the involvement of children in certain employments of hazardous places and to regulate the conditions of doing work for the children in certain other employments of non hazardous nature. Although there are little legislation which prohibit employment of children below 14 years and 15 years in certain specified employments but there is no specified procedure laid down in the legislation for deciding matters relating to employment, occupation are processes which necessities the prohibition children employment therein. At the same time there is no law for regulating the working condition of the children in the most of the employments where employment of children is not explicitly prohibited and the children are working exploitative conditions. Therefore the m ain intension of this act basically, which is ban the employment of the children below the age of 14 years in the specified occupation and processes to lay down for procedure introducing modification to the schedule of banned occupations or processes from time to time whenever need arises to regulate the condition of the children in employment where they are not prohibited works to prescribe the enhanced penalties employment for children if they are violation by the employers and management as per the child labour(prohibition and regulation) act 1986 the committee addressed that is â€Å"child† means a person who has not completed 14 years old the act prohibit employment of children in engaging 18 occupations like, transport at passengers and goods or mails by railway, work relating to the at construction and railway works, foundries, handloom and power loom industry, mines and plastic factories, domestic houses and automobile workshops and garages. Similarly, 65 process works for example, beedi making, carpet weaving, manufacture of matches and explosive or fireworks as well different industries, factories, coal mines, manufacture industry above these placed in part A, part B areas. Regarding these works children are prohibited by this act under the act, â€Å"the child labour technical advisory committee† constituted to advice the central government for the purpose of additions of occupations and processes in the schedule parts the act regulates the condition of all employment in all occupations and processes The main provisions are, no child shall be permitted to work in any establishment in excess of such number of hours, as may be prescribed for such class of establishment. The period of work each day shall be fixed no time to exceed three hours and that no child should not work more than 3 hours. Moreover, every child employed in an establishment shall be allowed in each week, a holiday or whole day, which day shall be specified by the occupier In a notice, every occupier shall maintain, in respect of children employed or permitted work in any establishment, register should be available for inspection by n inspector at all times during working hours or when work is being carried on there is tendency first, should be noted nm end date of birth of the every child employed to work, hours and periods of work of any such child on the intervals of rest to which is entitled, the nature of work such child, like that related information should be prescribed. In addition, the government made ga zette form for chid basis on health and safety on the children employed as well addressed minimum amenities should be provided by the owner at the working places. When the children are working in hazardous places it is found by someone he has right to complaint to the near police station. In addition, consequences of child labour, it is impact children physical and mental growth development as well health disease like, respiratory problem, skin disease, they will become disabled, bone fractured. These are lead to ill development. Interventions Education is very important part of the development. Lack of schooling and engaging family needs daily then, studies have found low enrolment and high children employment, schools are the platforms for the early intervention against child labour. Child labour can be controlled by economic development increasing awareness and making education affordable across all levels, and enforcement of all anti child labour laws. The government of India has taken certain initiative to control child labour started a program in 9 district that is â€Å" NATIONAL CHILD LABOUR PROJECT (NCLP)† under the schemes funds given to the district collector for running special school for child labour as well under this scheme provides formal and non-formal education, vocational education and spends 100 rupees per month. In one hand, how this act impacts on children life, primarily, based on this act government has expended this act in 2008. As well as, two acts were came that are â€Å"the juvenile justice (care and protection) in 2000, this act made prevent the bondage child labour as well if any one procure the children for domestic and industry works those persons punished by regarding this act. In the year of 2009, government has made act for education to the child that is â€Å"Right to education (RTA)† by this act free and compulsory education to all children between six to fourteen years. According to this act government has addressed that 25 percent of seats should be allocate for the disadvantages people. Moreover, between the 1981 to 1991 national sample survey organization conducted 43rd round of surveys it’s convey that the estimates the number of children was to the tune of 17.30 millions. As per the 1991 census, revealed that the number of working children in India was 1 1.28 million. This Number gradually decreasing in the following years. Because implementation of labour act by the legislation. The 1998 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour to be at 12.6 million out of total 250 million of child population. This count was reduced to 5 million in the year 2009. The 2011 national census of India found that the national number of child labour , aged five to fourteen to be 4.30 million out of the total 260 child population. By this enumerate we have observed child labour was gradually reducing due to child labour acts as well another government schemes. For example, in the â€Å"domestic households† before implementation of act the children are working in restaurant and as a domestic labour more than 20 million than when the government of expanded the child labour prohibition and regulation act and banned the children from domestic works as result of, as per the 2011 census, less than 0.1 million children are engaged as a child l abours. In addition, effect of this child labour act 1986, influence on children education and health as well as human development these all are contributed to increasing Indian economy and human development index. This act has impacted on education of children as well it is lead to improve aggregate literacy rate by in the year 1981 total average literacy rate is around 44 percent. This was increased to 52.3percent in the year of 1991, as per the 2011 this literacy rate was increased to 74 percent we observed contribution of provision of act stop to children in work places and push them in to schooling as well according to the 2011 census, children are engaging a fewer in the factories and industry as a result, child death rates were gradually decreased. On the other hand, loopholes and weakness in the child labour (prohibition and regulation) act 1986, while prohibiting bonded child labours from hazardous industries also allow it to thrive in other forms. A child working in a factory consider hazardous and is not to allowed. But if the child is a part of family labour, he is allowed to work. Hence the act 1986 has a large scope of exploitation of children. If they could be brings under the family-child labour phenomena. Eventually, poverty is one of the important factors of raising child labour. Hence enforcement alone cannot help solve it. So the government has been laying lot of emphasis rehabilitation of these children and should be improving economic condition of their families. In India many NGO’s working for eradicate child labour like, CARE and CHILD ROGHT TO YOU, government need to boosting these NGO’s, similarly, government need to enforcing right to education in the tribal areas. Moreover, government has to be expanded NCLP schemes to maximized districts. Government should be takes a fore step to domestic child labour and extract laws from other countries and implement in India. As well, Supreme Court shall takes significant steps whether punishment or control for exploitation of articles 23, 24 and 21A. Individually who are educated they should be provide awareness to ST’s, SC’s and below poverty level people about important of child for our country development . References Fuller, R.G., (1994), â€Å"Child Labour and Constitution†, Ashish Publishing House,  New Delhi, page no.283. Dewan, V.K.,(2009), â€Å"Child labour A Socio-legal Perspective†, pentagon publication,  NewDelhi, p.582. Purushottam kumar,p., (2010,june 25), â€Å"Need to look in to Child Labour act 1986†, Lawers  Club India website., google.

The Ethics of Spam Prevention Essay -- Internet Computers Technology E

The Ethics of Spam Prevention The user base of the Internet and World Wide Web grows by millions of users each year. In recent years this has created an explosion in the number of Internet email accounts and addresses. Companies such as Microsoft, Yahoo and Netscape have made free email accounts available for the world to use. Many people have multiple email accounts on the web, in addition to those that they may have for business purposes. This increase in the number of users around the world surfing the Internet and using email has created a new problem and a very disturbing trend. Spam or unsolicited email messages, has become such a problem for people that it is common for users to spend a large portion of their time online just sifting through and deleting unwanted email. Spam has become an effective form of advertisement for any company or individual that uses the internet. Practically any type of product or service imaginable is being promoted through the use of spam. Many of these products that are being promoted are pornographic and can be offensive or harmful to people, especially to children. These spam messages however, are sent out indiscriminately to any email address that the spammer or source of the spam can find. Part of the reason that Internet users have more than one free web based email account is to avoid spam. People create new accounts for themselves because the spammers have found the old addresses and filled the inboxes with unwanted email. The progress of spamming technologies has created a whole new set of security products and features that companies and email providers must give users to make them competitive among email providers. Individual citizens and businesses have the ... ... enforce it. This type of a policy would certainly cause a drop in the billions of unsolicited messages sent each day, which are costing individuals time, money and productivity. Bibliography Google .com, 23 May 2004, http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=%E2%80%9C@msn.com%E2%80%9D John Leyden, 10 Mar. 2004, The Register, 22 May 2004 , http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/10/big_us_isps_set_legal/ Spam Statistics 2004, 2004, Spam Filter Review, http://www.spamfilterreview.com/spam-statistics.html David E. Sorkin, 16 Dec. 2003, Spam Laws, 22 May 2004 , http://www.spamlaws.com/federal/108s877.html Paul Roberts, 19 May 2004, IDG News Service (PCWorld.com), 22 May 2004, http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,116178,00.asp John Leyden, 27 Apr. 2004, The Register, 22 May 2004 , http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/04/27/spam_law_review/

How to Become an Effective Hitter Essay -- Expository Process Essays

How to Become an Effective Hitter Babe Ruth is known for his 714 home runs. However, few people realize the other statistic he holds, which is having the most strikeouts of any player in the major league. This statistic helps to prove there is only a slight difference between a good hit and a strike. To become a good hitter in baseball, three fundamentals are necessary. First, the batter's stance in the batter's box, second, the batter's eye contact on the ball, and third, the batter's swing are the three fundamentals a good hitter will possess. First, a good stance in the batter's box is required to hit the ball successfully. The stance is not only important to the hitter, but it informs the defense of the location of the hit. Therefore, the batter wants to conceal as much information as possible from the opposition. A batter can conceal the ball's direction by having a proper stance. The proper stance is one where the batter's feet are comfortably apart about 12 to 24 inches. The front foot should not give any indication of pulling the ball down either base li...

Computers: Server and Social Media Sites

Nowadays, computer may seem to be very useful because of its various advantages. But as Louis Gerstner quoted, â€Å"Computers are magnificent tools for the realization of our dreams, but no machine can replace the human spark of spirit, compassion, love, and understanding. † Many people prefer computer because it is much easier and is more aesthetic to writing something and print it rather than using a pen. It also allows people to communicate; no matter what time it is because of the differing social media sites on the internet. Some of the people use it for research instead of reading books page by page.In offices, it lessens all the paper works and the mess so that their work will be more efficient and organized. In schools, students usually refer to the internet about some research projects because it has a wide range of sources and information that can be gathered in the differing websites. Some of the students also access the internet for some topics in their lessons th at they can barely understand. They also access the internet for encyclopedic references that certainly makes them ponder on efficiency of the use of computer for their research papers that the use of some textbooks.Introducing computers to the new generation is a better way to prepare them for the more advance technologies in the near future. Computers are also in much use in the medical industry, it is very useful in radical diagnosis, patient monitoring, and general hospital administration. Computers have really made our life totally different, progressive and better nowadays than the life of the world on the past years. Computers may be very helpful because of its advancement; however, using computer has several disadvantages.For example, students nowadays are hooked up in internet cafes because of the differing online games that can be access only through the internet. This becomes the major cause why most of the students obtain low scores on exams and the worst result is to be failed in a subject. Being addicted to the computer and facing its monitor several hours a day can also result to some visual defects due to the radiation that is being released by the monitor as it is being used. Computers also are very prone to electronic generated viruses that can affect its performance and the viruses also can spread from on unit to another unit.

The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare.

The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare. The Merchant of Venice is a tragic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspe cts with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and is best known for Shylock and the famous ‘Hath not a Jew eyes' speech. Also notable is Portia's speech about the ‘quality of mercy'.The title character is the merchant Antonio, not the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who is the play's most prominent and most famous character. This is made explicit by the title page of the first quarto: The most excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. With the extreme cruelty of Shylock the Jew towards the Merchant. Summary: Antonio, a Venetian merchant, complains to his friends of a melancholy that he cannot explain. His friend Bassanio is desperately in need of money to court Portia, a weal thy heiress who lives in the city of Belmont.Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan in order to travel in style to Portia’s estate. Antonio agrees, but is unable to make the loan himself because his own money is all invested in a number of trade ships that are still at sea. Antonio suggests that Bassanio secure the loan from one of the city’s moneylenders and name Antonio as the loan’s guarantor. In Belmont, Portia expresses sadness over the terms of her father’s will, which stipulates that she must marry the man who correctly chooses one of three caskets.None of Portia’s current suitors are to her liking, and she and her lady-in-waiting, Nerissa, fondly remember a visit paid some time before by Bassanio. In Venice, Antonio and Bassanio approach Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, for a loan. Shylock nurses a long-standing grudge against Antonio, who has made a habit of berating Shylock and other Jews for their usury, the practice of loaning money at exorbita nt rates of interest, and who undermines their business by offering interest-free loans. Although Antonio refuses to apologize for his behavior, Shylock acts agreeably and offers to lendBassanio three thousand ducats with no interest. Shylock adds, however, that should the loan go unpaid, Shylock will be entitled to a pound of Antonio’s own flesh. Despite Bassanio’s warnings, Antonio agrees. In Shylock’s own household, his servant Launcelot decides to leave Shylock’s service to work for Bassanio, and Shylock’s daughter Jessica schemes to elope with Antonio’s friend Lorenzo. That night, the streets of Venice fill up with revelers, and Jessica escapes with Lorenzo by dressing as his page.After a night of celebration, Bassanio and his friend Gratiano leave for Belmont, where Bassanio intends to win Portia’s hand. In Belmont, Portia welcomes the prince of Morocco, who has come in an attempt to choose the right casket to marry her. The pri nce studies the inscriptions on the three caskets and chooses the gold one, which proves to be an incorrect choice. In Venice, Shylock is furious to find that his daughter has run away, but rejoices in the fact that Antonio’s ships are rumored to have been wrecked and that he will soon be able to claim his debt.In Belmont, the prince of Arragon also visits Portia. He, too, studies the caskets carefully, but he picks the silver one, which is also incorrect. Bassanio arrives at Portia’s estate, and they declare their love for one another. Despite Portia’s request that he wait before choosing, Bassanio immediately picks the correct casket, which is made of lead. He and Portia rejoice, and Gratiano confesses that he has fallen in love with Nerissa. The couples decide on a double wedding.Portia gives Bassanio a ring as a token of love, and makes him swear that under no circumstances will he part with it. They are joined, unexpectedly, by Lorenzo and Jessica. The cele bration, however, is cut short by the news that Antonio has indeed lost his ships, and that he has forfeited his bond to Shylock. Bassanio and Gratiano immediately travel to Venice to try and save Antonio’s life. After they leave, Portia tells Nerissa that they will go to Venice disguised as men. Shylock ignores the many pleas to spare Antonio’s life, and a trial is called to decide the matter.The duke of Venice, who presides over the trial, announces that he has sent for a legal expert, who turns out to be Portia disguised as a young man of law. Portia asks Shylock to show mercy, but he remains inflexible and insists the pound of flesh is rightfully his. Bassanio offers Shylock twice the money due him, but Shylock insists on collecting the bond as it is written. Portia examines the contract and, finding it legally binding, declares that Shylock is entitled to the merchant’s flesh.Shylock ecstatically praises her wisdom, but as he is on the verge of collecting h is due, Portia reminds him that he must do so without causing Antonio to bleed, as the contract does not entitle him to any blood. Trapped by this logic, Shylock hastily agrees to take Bassanio’s money instead, but Portia insists that Shylock take his bond as written, or nothing at all. Portia informs Shylock that he is guilty of conspiring against the life of a Venetian citizen, which means he must turn over half of his property to the state and the other half to Antonio.The duke spares Shylock’s life and takes a fine instead of Shylock’s property. Antonio also forgoes his half of Shylock’s wealth on two conditions: first, Shylock must convert to Christianity, and second, he must will the entirety of his estate to Lorenzo and Jessica upon his death. Shylock agrees and takes his leave. Bassanio, who does not see through Portia’s disguise, showers the young law clerk with thanks, and is eventually pressured into giving Portia the ring with which he promised never to part. Gratiano gives Nerissa, who is disguised as Portia’s clerk, his ring.The two women return to Belmont, where they find Lorenzo and Jessica declaring their love to each other under the moonlight. When Bassanio and Gratiano arrive the next day, their wives accuse them of faithlessly giving their rings to other women. Before the deception goes too far, however, Portia reveals that she was, in fact, the law clerk, and both she and Nerissa reconcile with their husbands. Lorenzo and Jessica are pleased to learn of their inheritance from Shylock, and the joyful news arrives that Antonio’s ships have in fact made it back safely. The group celebrates its good fortune.