Miller’s dramatic presentation Essay

Discuss Arthur Miller’s dramatic presentation of Mary Warren in ‘The Crucible’. Arthur Miller’s play ‘The Crucible’ is based on the events in a 17th Century town called Salem, where a young girl by the name of Abigail Williams cries witchcraft when she is almost charged for conjuring spells. Abigail and her friends were caught dancing on night around a fire by their town priest and Abigail’s uncle Reverend Parris. After that day strange things were believed to have happened, consequently leading to a lot of women being charged of witchcraft. This was quite unfortunate as back in 1692 the penalty of witchcraft was hanging. In Act one, Mary is presented as a naive, scared and a â€Å"lonely, seventeen year old girl†. Whom evidently is bullied by her employer John Proctor and the other girls in the village, especially Abigail, as she is petrified at been called a witch by the other village people. Mary also comes across as being pathetic in the sense that she has no real friends and relies on a liar like Abigail for trust. Miller in his own words, describes Mary Warren as a â€Å"naive, lonely, subservient seventeen year old girl†, who is treated with little respect by Abigail and the other girls. † Oh, you’re a great one for lookin’, aren’t you Mary Warren? What a grand peeping courage you have! It is possible that the other girls are in fact terrified of her, knowing that she is weak and can easily slip up under pressure, reviling their doings in the forest that night. When she meets John Proctor, a strong willed character who is not afraid to speak his mind, Mary expectedly is very frightened of him as he regularly threatens her and occasionally refers to giving her a whipping! â€Å"I’ll show you a great doin’ on your arse one of these days. Now get home; my wife is waitin’ with your work! † Mary very quickly jumps to the sound of his voice and as Miller describes in a stage direction, ‘trying to retain a shred of dignity, she goes slowly out’. This highlights the control some like Proctor has on someone like Mary. In Act two, the audience learns a great deal about the events happening in Salem through Mary, hence she being made an official of the court. This in a way speaks on it’s own, how totally out of hand the situation in Salem has become with someone of Mary stature being made an official of the court and the share pace of everything in just eight days. Mary later informs us on the amount accused, â€Å"No sir. There be thirty-nine now† This being thirty-nine women, thirty-nine charges and trials of those being accused of witchcraft, in just eight days from when Abigail fist accused Tituba of witchcraft! Through Mary, the audience is made aware of the influence Abigail has on the court and the Salem community and reveals how Elizabeth was accused with sending her spirit out against Abigail. This was due to Abigail dislike of Elizabeth and desire to get rid of her so she could have John Proctor all to herself. Hence Mary immediately connects herself to the condemning of Abigail’s accusation and saving of Elizabeth’s life. â€Å"I saved her life today! † Miller ensures that the audience are aware of the absurdity of the situation in Salem, due to the court appointing a servant girl like Mary as an official. Unlike Proctor, she doesn’t speak out of her place and listens and does everything she is told to by such people like Parris or Danforth which could explain why the court were keen to appoint some like her as an official. Although we also notice a change in Mary Warren’s character from being a good, obedient servant to a slightly ruthless more and self confident young woman. â€Å"I’ll not stand whipping anymore! † This is directed at Proctor as he tries to order Mary around, but fails. Furthermore, on her return from court, Mary unknowingly condemns Elizabeth by giving her a ‘poppet’ with a needle placed in it as a gift she had earlier on that day in court. We later discover that this proves to be very unfortunate on Elizabeth’s behalf as she is later charged for sending her spirit out against Abigail and stabbing her. After Elizabeth is taken away, Proctor realises that in order to save his wife, he needs Mary to support him in court as a witness against Abigail and the other girls. To prove all their outbursts in court of being attacked by spirits were false and just an act. At the end of Act two Mary is clearly frightened by Elizabeth’s arrest, as she really begins to see Abigail true influence over the court and ends up being bullied to give evidence against her. In Act three when Mary arrives in court to accuse the girls of lying, she seems to refer to her previous characteristics in Act one of being very quite and frightened, as to what the other girls might do to her if she talks. â€Å"I cannot, they’ll turn on me† This taken from the end of Act two and shows the hold of fear someone like Abigail still has on her. On of the most dramatic incidents in the play, is when all the other girls turn on Mary by saying they see her spirit and begin to repeat whatever she says: Mary: â€Å"Abby, you mustn’t! † Abby+ other girls: â€Å"Abby, you mustn’t! † This eventually make Mary realise that she will be accused of witchcraft if she continues to oppose Abigail and evidently Mary turns against Proctor and accuses him of making her defy the court and turning her to the devil. Thus Mary returns to her new found personality of being confidents and only thinking of herself. In conclusion, Mary Warren’s character makes ‘The Crucible’ tenser through Arthur Miller’s dramatic presentation of her. Presented through his description of her being † and subservient† in the begging of Act one, to her speaking and acting on, with more confidence in Act two. In addition, in Act three Mary is once again bullied by Abigail and Proctor to an extent that she breaks down into tears at one point and speaks out of proportion to save herself. Therefore once again she ends up being described in the manner of being ‘terrified, pleading and almost collapsing’, when she is finally pushed by Abigail and Proctor to designate between them. Thus she is once again a pathetic loner!

Abuse Of Power And A Desire To Intimidate Education Essay

â€Å" Bullying is a signifier of aggressive behavior which is normally hurtful and deliberate † and involves â€Å" an maltreatment of power and a desire to intimidate and rule † ( Undertaking: 1 ) . However there are many variables that can protect and assist kids survive experiences of intimidation. Children possess many single features which protect and guarantee endurance of strong-arming. A kid should hold a deep consciousness of self-concept â€Å" the set of properties, abilities, attitudes and values that an single believes defines who he or she is † ( pg446 ) , as this allows for grasp of their alone individualism, assurance in their abilities and moral values and reject bullying or isolation for non corroborating with stereotypes or peer force per unit area. They will gain their possible as persons. An of import property of self-concept is Self-esteem, â€Å" the opinions we make about our ain worth and feelings associated with those opinions † . Victims of strong-arming normally â€Å" are diffident or have a weak character † ( Elliot 59 ) therefore a high degree of self-esteem came protect and aid kids survive intimidation and experiences of isolation or bullying as it develops an â€Å" attitude of self-acceptance and self-respect † ( pg449 ) Autonomy Fosters high self-esteem as the kid has a â€Å" sense of one ‘s ain individuality and an ability to move independently and to exercise some control over one ‘s environment, including internal venue of control, and self-efficacy † ( web site ) . Therefore the kid will believe in their individualism and self-respect. As Bernard notes if a kid develops a sense of resiliency and opposition â€Å" declining to accept negative messages about oneself † and of withdrawal â€Å" distancing oneself from disfunction † , the kid will last Acts of the Apostless of intimidation as the kid will recognize that these actions are morally incorrect and discrimative. ( Website ) . In order for the kid to last intimidation and protect themselves they should react â€Å" assertively to a state of affairs, make â€Å" self-asserting statements † and defy use and menaces † Bandura states that a kid ‘s personality features and societal behaviors are reinforced by behaviors environing them, hence an environment where intimidation is non tolerated by grownups must be established as â€Å" Victims demand to be reassured that they are non entirely and that it could go on to anyone † ( Elliot Bullying: 58 ) . Relationships within the household contribute significantly. Parents are universally of import and provide emotional support for their kids to last experiences of isolation, important in protecting kids from effects of intimidation. A strong degree of fond regard would be critical in protecting kids as fond regard behaviors are â€Å" evoked when the person has need of attention or support or comfort â€Å" back up a kid would necessitate if victimised. Parents who adapt an important child-rearing manner will assist protect their kids as it incorporates â€Å" high credence and engagement, adaptative control techniques and appropriate liberty allowing † ( pg564 ) which would further autonomy and individuality in the kid ( Barber & A ; Olsen 1997, Gray & A ; Steinburg 1999, Hart, Newell & A ; Olsen 2002 ) .Ref: This child-rearing manner allows for the development of strong communicating, it encourages the kid to show her ideas feelings and desires hence non to be intimidated by a bully if non conforming with stereotypes. Victims of strong-arming with this secure fond regard and environing environment would experience comfy to inform their parents and seek support if bullied. This type of child-rearing manner has fostered competency such as â€Å" high degrees of self-pride, societal and moral adulthood and favorable school public presentation † ( Amato & A ; Fowler,2002, Anuola, Stattin & A ; Nurmi, 2000, Herman et al, 1997, luster & A ; McAdoo 1996 ; Mackey, Arnold & A ; Pratt, 2001 ; Steinberg, Darling & A ; Fletcher 1995 pg564 ) . A kid who has dignity and self- worth will last and protect themselves from strong-arming as they will non yield to intimadation but gain and esteem their individuality. It can take the kid to a mature underatnding their alone features are valued in community and should non be a factor in their isolation. Besides relationships with siblings can be seen as an country for emotional support. Older siblings frequently â €Å" aided younger siblings with academic and equal challenges † ( pg576 ) and may help development of resiliency to effects of intimidation. Teachers can work collaboratively with parents as â€Å" There are many advantages in parents and instructors working in partnership † ( Besag, 1989, 1992, 1999, Randall, 1996: Bullying Michael Elliot ) . Relationships in school in peculiar instructor patterns can protect kids from experiences of intimidation. The personality and values that a instructor brings to the schoolroom can act upon the degree of protection available to kids from. The instructor should make a positive acquisition environment where intimidation is frowned upon but friendly relationship and value of persons are to the bow. A stating ambiance should be established where the kids feel confident to seek support or study strong-arming behavior. Merely as the issues outlined in â€Å" Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Primary and Post Primary Schools † ( 1993 ) the instructors must be argus-eyed for strong-arming behavior, maintain clear records of incidents, and be alert of any academic or physical marks of intimidation. The instructor â€Å" through course of study work on intimidation, can raise awareness amongst students about strong-arming behavior and they can dispute attitudes about strong-arming behavior, addition apprehension for bullied students and assist construct an anti-bullying ethos in the school † . ( undertaking bulling LAN ) . Drama is a powerful convention that can be used to research intimidation and for kids to discourse their feelings and understanding about intimidation. However the instructor must be careful non to promote free function drama of intimidation, but use play to raise consciousness of strong-arming through a fictional lens. Teacher can besides utilize literacy to research intimidation as there are many novels that deal with intimidation in a sensitive mode such as â€Å" The Diddakoi † by Rumer Godden. ( undertaking strong-arming local area network ) . The instructor can advance high ego esteem through topics such as SPHE by prosecuting the kids in games depicting themselves to their equals, raising their self-respect and assurance. It must be noted that positive relationships with friends in school can assist protect kids from strong-arming as they excessively provide a secure base supplying comfort and support to get the better of bullying and isolation. Besides a individual they can confide in or look to for support in stating a parent or instructor. Teachers â€Å" have small opportunity of successfully assisting victims unless a school has a clear, well-developed, anti-bullying scheme † ( Elliot:58 ) The school must develop an appropriate anti-bullying ethos and policy â€Å" which establishes a clear set of agreed purposes which provide students, staff and parents with a sense of way and an apprehension of the committedness of the school to cover with strong-arming behavior which provides a â€Å" model for intercession and bar † ( undertaking LAN ) .The policy gives staff an apprehension and to be â€Å" consistent in their attack to strong-arm behavior and to advance anti-bullying values within the school. â€Å" ( Tacking LAN ) . Culture affects the construct of intimidation, in this manner a policy associating to strong-arming must see the societal economic and spiritual values of a society. Different civilizations reflect different values which influence the policy as a school with values is cognizant of the importance of incorporating with the community ( DEB omoore ) . Besides the cultural group that a kid is from influences their protection and endurance as different cultural groups use assorted raising manners which result in different features in the kid. Different cultural groupings in societies reflect different attitudes ethical motives and in bend usage different raising manners hence kids. The community should work in partnership with the school. Parents ‘ councils could be established in the school where the community involved in â€Å" outlining new or revised school policy/codes † and besides these councils should â€Å" guarantee that their local communities are bully-free † to guarantee a comprehensive attack to strong-arming in all facets of the kid ‘s life: at place, in school and in the community. It is apparent that through a comprehensive inclusive attack to strong-arming those kids can be protected and survive experiences of intimidation.

Anne Bradstreets Poetry

A literary review of the collection of poemsThe Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America by Anne Bradstreet who is thought to be the first genuine poet to develop in the English speaking New World. This paper discusses the poetry of Anne Bradstreet (who was only published once during her lifetime and without her knowledge ). Bradstreet had emigrated to New England as a young wife in 1630, and her poetry exemplifies a variety of themes related to home and hearth in the New World.Bradstreet offers more in-depth philosophic and religious analysis in other poems.Bradstreets poem Contemplations is an aptly-named poetic meditation with a didactic purpose.The poet uses images of nature such as could be seen in a given day as a way of evoking a sense of God and of the connection between the human lifespan and the larger metaphysical realm of God.The poem is in the first person, with the poet-narrator explaining her views as she observes nature and makes links between the images she sees there and her inner religious beliefs.This use of the first-person personalizes the narrative and brings the reader into the consciousness of the poet directly.We are brought by the poet into her contem plations.We know that the experiences she relates about nature are her own, and we know that the thoughts that these encounters engender are her own.

Wildlife Photography for the Amateur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wildlife Photography for the Amateur - Essay Example This passion must have also been through vast experiences with nature, though trekking, mountain climbing, biological studies, or even habitual adventurism. Subject matter refers to the focus, the topic, or the object and image of the photographer's interest. In wildlife photography, subject matter refers to any living, non-living or moving object in the wildlife, but mostly, the animals. The subject matter like any topic of conversation can be tackled in various ways. For time specified, the subject matter may be shoot during night, at dawn, at noon, break of dawn, dusk, day time, all the time except when there is disruption of the natural existence of the subject and its environment, or there is much more danger than can be handled. For themes, subject matter may be viewed and shot when resting, sleeping, eating, basking in the sun, attacking a prey, gathering food, walking, or any interesting act the subject may be doing which the photographer may find novelty, or interest. Wildlife photography... The Elias and Katmai National Parks of Alaska (Donahue, 2003) provide for the best locations of sighting, and shooting Grizzly or brown bears. Both parks provide a wide range of landscapes that include wild Brooks River, snowy vastness, forest, hilly or mountainous as well as rocky terrain. The bears, either solo, in group, in family, and in action provide the perfect subjects as they eat berries, patiently wait for the catch, chase gulls, fish for salmon by the falls, climb hills or mountains, or tackle the cold, wild water. Sufficient knowledge about the terrain, as well as about bears must be born in mind by the amateur photographer prior to traveling and taking photos of this subject. It pays to be with a professional guide or another professional photographer to embark on a doubly dangerous a mission as taking photos of bears in Alaska. Frost-bite, the rugged terrain, as well as the possibility of being attacked by the subject must be of foremost consideration. With proper distance and the equipment support which necessitates long-range telephoto lenses, take the subject in their best forms or actions. The bears of Alaska provide for revealing photos of "family" among the beasts, diversity of their sustenance, as well as the skills and patience they exhibit in catching their fish meals. Bears are also surprising subjects as they already have learned how to dive in order to catch food --- the salmon. At times, they may also exhibit emotive acts as caring and playing with their cubs, as well as guiding them towards independence. B Lions or Cheetahs in Africa The Sub-Saharan Africa, the Kruger National Park, Tanzania, and the Shamwari Game Reserve of South Africa provide for a wide choice of subjects that include rhinoceros, zebras, giraffes,

Combustion Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Combustion Effects - Essay Example Global warming however considered a misnomer is a concern across the world for its perceived impacts. The following are some of the Global warming has direct impacts on agriculture. While the increased temperatures may lead to more water especially in artic and other bordering areas, the soils are poor for agriculture. Unfortunately, these temperatures may also increase the encroachment of arid environment to the currently agriculturally productive areas. This lead to a net deficit in food production to feed the growing world population (Hughes, 2000). The heat waves that are produced as a result to the increased temperature may have adverse health impact on mankind. Warm temperature may also be associated with newer diseases and migration of pathogenic parasites (Hughes, 2000). Most areas in the world are low-lying. Any minimal change in the sea level might lead to flooding of such areas. This leads to low production of those areas and might force emigration of the population to other areas. Guan, W., Liang, J., & Wang, B. (2013, March). Combustion Front Expanding Characteristic and Risk Analysis of THAI Process. In International Petroleum TechnologyConference.International Petroleum Technology

A visit to a museum or art gallery exhibit Essay

A visit to a museum or art gallery exhibit - Essay Example Within these periods there was further designation based on the regions of their creation. Ultimately, the vases acted as a powerful example of artistry and ancient Greek history. Another thing I witnessed at the gallery exhibition was Marcia Gygli King’s "Cantilever, 1980". This exhibit was a mixed-media work. The work itself is part painting and part sculpture. In terms of art history this work is notable as it is demonstrative of a period of expression where artists began to experiment with the deconstruction of categories and produce hybrid works. Another prominent work I witnessed was Richard Dieben Korn’s "Ocean Park". This painting was a large landscape type work, except it was composed of figurative and abstract forms. While one thinks of abstract expressionism in terms of the messy Jackson Pollack type work, â€Å"Ocean Park† is a much more orderly work. In these respects one notes that the work is almost a hybrid of such artists that make great use of b locks of color, along with the abstract expressionist creation of emotion through figurative means of expression. The work is ultimately highly notable within art history as a unique piece of mid-20th century work.

The use of isotopes in medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The use of isotopes in medicine - Essay Example This physical difference explains why a process like fractional distillation can be used to separate isotopes. According to Van der Merwe (2002), due to the difference, a single element has the capability of existing in many forms for instance oxygen can exist as oxygen- 15, oxygen- 16 or oxygen- 17. This paper aims having a comprehensive discussion of isotopes, outlying their uses in archeology as well as looking at the future of isotopes in this area of interest. Isotopes are categorized into two main groups; stable and unstable. White (1998) asserts that stable isotopes are those that do not decay over time, while the unstable ones undergo through an ionizing radiation referred to as radioactivity. Isotopes that give off this ionizing radiation are called radioisotopes, for example, carbon- 14 is a carbon radioisotope. In fact, the radioactive process differs from one isotope to the other hence some isotopes have a higher radioactive rate than others. The difference in the radioac tivity rate depends on the ratio between neutrons number and proton number. The higher the ratio the faster the rate and vise versa. Ambrose (2003) explains that the decay rate of isotopes can easily be predicted and determined, thus has widely been used in determining age mostly in archeology. Uses in Archeology Carbon Dating Carbon dating is the most common use of isotopes in archeology where age of organisms is determined in the process (McKinney, et al, 1995). The isotope used in this case is carbon- 14. Normally carbon exists in the C- 12 form, but in few occasions it also exists as C- 14. C- 14 are radioisotopes hence can undergo a radioactive process at a specified rate of the half-life. According to the half-life rate, the proportion of decay is in such a way that the C- 14 to C-12 proportion is always constant. However, this is an unproven assumption that archeology attach to this theory of dating in order to assign ages to their discoveries (Van der Merwe, 2002). The theor y is based on the changes that occur to a living organism when it dies and the process of decay starts. According to the theory, during the living period of an organism, the carbon (C-12 and C-14) proportion in the organisms’ body and that in the environment is equal (White, 1998). This is so because the organism exists in an equilibrium environment as different metabolic processes take place within the organism, causing exchanges between the organism and its environment. In the process organisms are constantly replacing body molecules, a process that is faster in some tissues (skin), and slow in others (bone). However, upon death, the unstable form of carbon (C- 14) will start decaying without being replaced from the environment through radioactivity. Consequently, if some parts of the organism such as bones are found by an archeologist, the ratio of C-12: C- 14 at the time can be used to ascertain when the organism died (Van der Merwe, 2002). An organism that died recently will have a lower ration than the one that died ages ago. Material Classification The isotopes used in this process are mainly those of oxygen through a closer analysis of the ratio of O- 18: O- 16. Ambrose (2003) contends that archeologists use this method in the classification of the different types of glasses as well as in the analysis of mollusk shells as they try to determine their origins and sources. In

Leadership styles (research paper) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership styles (research paper) - Essay Example The styles we evaluated were: Transformational leadership Transactional leadership Charismatic leadership Democratic/Participative leadership Lazier-fare leadership Bureaucratic leadership Autocratic leadership Task-oriented leadership The primary research consisted of me scouring for good resources and studies that would allow you guys to be able to make a good decision on what type of company you want to foster. Leadership styles affect so much more than just how we lead but also how our employees are developed and where we choose management from. When we look at it this way we can see that leadership style is one of the most important parts of management. I would be glad to discuss this report at your leisure. I appreciate the opportunity to be able to provide you with such a service and hope that it was as helpful as I wanted it to be. Respect, Research IAA:mef Contents Momo of Transmittal i Contents 0 Introduction/Problem 2 Findings/Leadership styles 2 Transformational leadershi p 3 Transactional leadership 3 Charismatic leadership 4 Democratic/participative leadership 4 Lazier-fare/Delegative leadership 4 Autocratic leadership 5 Bureaucratic leadership 5 Task-oriented leadership 6 Conclusion 6 Recommendation 6 Index 8 Introduction/Problem The performance and decisions made by staff in an organization are partially determined by the characteristics of leadership or those who participate in administration. Numerous studies have shown that the leadership style adopted in an organization affects group work processes, the social climate and the desired end result within the organization. From this perspective, the style of leadership adopted in an organization affects the climate and the climate affects productivity and creativity (Mills, 2007). In some cases, leadership affects productivity directly. This explains the fact that leadership style is critical to all organizations given that it affects their performance and effectiveness. This report briefly evalu ates various kinds of leadership styles described by different scholars. The report recommends that transformational form of leadership is the most effective while working with a diverse population. Findings/Leadership styles Different scholars have identified various forms of leadership that are common in organizations. This paper examines the following leadership styles: Transformational leadership Transactional leadership Charismatic leadership Democratic/Participative leadership Lazier-fare leadership Bureaucratic leadership Autocratic leadership Task-oriented leadership Fig 1: Leadership Styles (Source: Johannsen, 2012) Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is a leadership process in which leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their subordinates, they stimulate the subordinates to look beyond their own self-interest for the good of an organization and generate awareness and acceptance of the mission and purpose of an organization (Mills, 2007). This kin d of leadership helps to minimize employees’ turnover rate and hence, this save costs related to high turnover rate in an organization. Second, it empowers employees in an organization to realize their full potential and to show higher commitments to organizational goals; it can be classified under participative and delagative leadership as shown in fig 1. Third, this style is helpful in fostering organizational

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) Essay - 7

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) - Essay Example The rituals of behavior which governed blacks under Jim Crow included such norms as restrictions on blacks and whites eating together, prohibitions on blacks shaking hands with whites, right-of-way at intersections for whites, the non-usage of titles of respect or courtesy for blacks, expecting blacks to remove hats or caps when talking with whites, and other customs and standards of behavior which unequivocally demonstrated the inferiority of African-Americans. This racial etiquette could be violated at the risk of life and family, as the threat of lynching was very real. In addition to the above, many southern states passed legislation which excluded blacks from public transport, facilities and some neighborhoods. There were statutes which provided separate train cars for blacks, reserved seats in coaches for whites, denied blacks the right to vote through discriminatory clauses, literacy tests and poll taxes, established separate schools, rest rooms, water fountains, telephone boo ths and burial grounds, mandated segregated rooms at libraries, prisons, hospitals and bars, and strictly banned interracial marriages. Most of the laws were directed towards the prohibition of social interaction between the two races. The Jim Crow laws may be considered to have ended by the mid 1960’s. Gradually, America has universally acknowledged that racial discrimination in any form is unjust, and corrective justice, as implied in affirmative action and reparation have gathered support. This broad consensus has led to the acceptance that discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender or class is against the beliefs of American society. The laws of the U.S.A. are now firmly against any discrimination and an egalitarian society has been established, with the shining example of Barack Obama as

Arabic writing system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arabic writing system - Essay Example 800 B.C.), whence came the letters of the ancient Roman alphabet, and ultimately all Western alphabets. The North Arabic script, which eventually prevailed and became the Arabic script of the Quran, relates most substantially and directly to the Nabatian script, which was derived from the Aramaic script. Old Aramaic, the language of Jesus and the Apostles, dates from the 2nd millennium B.C., and some dialects of which are still spoken by tiny groups in the Middle East. Arabic script still shares with Aramaic the names of the alphabet letters (Alef, Jeem, Dal, Zai, Sheen, etc.); similar graphic representation for phonetically similar letters (Sad and Dad, Ta and Tha, etc.); connections of letters in the same word and several forms of each letter depending on its location in the word, except for letters that cannot be connected to the letters which come after them (Alef, Dal/Dthal, Raa/Zai, Waw). The Arabic alphabet contains 18 letter shapes, by adding one, two, or three dots to letters with similar phonetic characteristics a total of 28 letters is obtained. These contain three long vow els, while diacritics can be added to indicate short vowels. With the spread of Islam, the Arabic alphabet was adapted by several non-Arab nations for writing their own languages. In Iran Arabic letters were used to write Farsi, with the addition of four letters to represent the phonetics that did not exist in Arabic: p, ch, zh, and g. The Ottoman Turks used the Arabic alphabet until 1929 and added still another letter. This alphabet was also used to write other Turkish languages and dialects, such as Kazakh, Uzbek, etc. Several other languages used the Arabic alphabet at one time or another, including Urdu, Malay, Swahili, Hausa, Algerian Tribal, and others. Arabic script is not used solely for writing Arabic, but for a variety of languages. In each language, it has been modified to fit the language's sound system. There are sounds not found in Arabic, but found in, for instance, Persian, Malay and Urdu: such sounds don't correspond to any sound from the Arabic system of sounds for which the Arabic alphabet can be used. For example, the Arabic language lacks a [p] sounding letter, so many languages add their own letter for [p] in the script, though the symbol used may differ between languages. These modifications tend to fall into groups: all the Indian and Turkic languages written in Arabic tend to use the Persian modified letters (and those are the languages that are "geographically closer" to Persia), whereas West African languages tend to imitate those of Ajami, and Indonesian ones those of Jawi. A writing system in which the Persian modified letters are used is called Perso-Arabic script by the scholars. Generally, in countries wher e national education is effective and where the national language is written in Arabic script, Arabic script is also used to write the other languages used in that country (Coulmas 20). The Arabic alphabet is written from right to left and is composed of 28 basic letters. Adaptations of the script for other languages such as Persian and Urdu have additional letters. There is no difference between written and printed letters; the writing is unicase (i.e. the concept of upper and lower case letters does not exist). On the other hand, most of the letters are attached to one another, even when printed, and their appearance changes as a function of whether they connect to preceding or following letters. Some

English Composition Essay Example for Free

English Composition Essay The term juvenile delinquent is best defined as young defender, or a wrongdoer. A person who transgresses moral or civil law. (Audioenglish. net) There are many different theories on the causes of crime and bad behavior. Youth crime is a major issue and receives a great amount of attention from the news media and many politicians today. A juvenile delinquent is one who continuously commits crimes. Usually a juvenile will sometimes commit the same crimes that were done to them to others. An example would be bullying in school. Maybe the juvenile was bullied as well. They also sometimes have mental disorders or behavioral disorders. Students who experience excessive suspension and expulsion are more likely to become part of the school to prison pipeline (Fenning Rose, 2007). Now being examined is the issue of the school to prison pipeline and trying to understand how students who drop out (or are pushed out) of high school are more likely to enter the prison system (Fine, 1991). Students feel pushed out of school because of actions or barriers put up by their school. The student may end up feeling like they don’t belong in school, or do not fit in, or they are not smart enough to be in school. This then pushes them towards the streets and into bad behavior that leads them to becoming a juvenile delinquent. According to Brownstein, the zero tolerance is a failed approach. This policy is used to mandate predetermined consequences for rule infractions, regardless of the circumstances; its initially aimed at making schools safe. The best way to prevent serious violence at school, the theory went, was to ban any and all weapons of threats of violence, and accept no excuses. Browstein, 2010). Zero tolerance policies may be contributing to teen violence. Suspensions and expulsions in public schools have increased dramatically. Between 1974 and 2006, the rate at which U. S. students were suspended and expelled from school nearly doubled from 3. 7% of students in 1974 to . 1% of students in 2006. It is estimated that over 100,000 students were expelled and 3,300, 000 students were suspended at least once in the 2005-2006 school year which is an 8% increase in suspensions and a 15% increase in expulsions since the 2001-2001 school year. Brownstein, 2010) Today schools are getting carried away with the zero tolerance policy somewhat. Instead of helping to resolve a simple conflict in which they would call home for, they are now calling law enforcement. Too many school incidents that can be handled by the school are now being taken care of by the police and courts. ( Brownstein, 2010) An example given in the article talked about how a Columbus, GA teen student was expelled for violating school rules by talking to his mother whom he had not spoken to in thirty days, on his cell phone while at school. His mother was on deployment as a soldier in Iraq. It is common sense that the choice of disciplinary action was extremely harsh. There is no way to justify expelling this student given the circumstances of the phone call. Therefore, this example surely helps you to see exactly how this zero tolerance policy is indeed failing our children. Trying to get you to understand that yet the policy is put in place to protect the school faculty and other students from violent behavior from certain students, it is also being used in incidents that do not need to be presented to law enforcement. Expulsion and suspension disciplinary action is not making our schools safer or more academically sound. In fact, schools with high rate expulsion and suspensions usually have less satisfactory school ratings according to the American Psychological Association. This suggests to me that it also contributes to children becoming juvenile delinquents due to harsh punishment and the things that they are currently dealing with in their personal lives. I will point out how African American students are suspended at nearly three times the rate and expelled at 3. times the rate of white students, according to the U. S. Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights. Latino students are 1. 5 times as likely to be suspended when compared to white peers. It seems that the white students get referred to the office at a higher rate than students of color for offenses such as smoking, vandalism, leaving without permission, and obscene language. African-American and Latino students are referred for discipline at a higher rate than their white peers for disrespect, excessive noise, and loitering. Brownstein, 2010) These behaviors you would think would seem to rely on subjective judgment on the part of educators. Maybe this is part of the reason why most students of color are failing in school and become juvenile delinquents somewhere along the line. They are hardly allowed the chance to stay in class if they are consistently disciplined harshly over fairly minor infractions that can be handled by the parents and teacher alone. Educators need to take the time out to think about what they are disciplining a student for, and how they are disciplining them and the consequences that lie ahead if you are too harsh. It is the same way when it comes to a parent raising children. You must know when you are being too excessive when it comes to punishment. Conclusion Promote the students positive behavior more and maybe the outcome will be different. Behavior begins at home. Parents come first when it comes to making sure your child/children act accordingly in public. It is a group effort also if you are taking on the responsibility of teaching someones child. You cant just give up on the child, or take the easiest route such as harsh discipline. There has to be a system put in place in the home and in the schools to turn around bad behavior to avoid our children being introduced to the jail system turning them into juvenile delinquents. There also must be a system put in place in the home and school to look at certain incidents that happen in school not all in the same light. How we raise our children will be the result you get out of the situation. Strive to raise them the right way, and educators should stop relying on law enforcement to handle what can be handled between themselves, the student and the parents.

Porters Five Forces model Essay Example for Free

Porters Five Forces model Essay In the banking industry rivalry among its competitors is a pretty common game. A few larger banks always dominate larger markets offering more locations and faster paced technologies for those consumers. Usually in a these larger areas larger banks can thrive because the expectation level of personalization is much lower since consumers don’t feel the need to frequent a location or rely on individuals to help them. While as areas grow smaller in population Small Community banks emerge with a fewer number of larger entities to compete with these banking giants being able to offer a more personalized approach allowing people to rely more on human interacting with technology, not only relying on the technology. Most banks primary function is to lend money of the deposits they gain, so most generally the most competitive is incentives for consumers to keep money on deposit and lower rate loans for consumers to take out. The potential for new competitors is not so common that it happens frequently but in today’s market groups of individuals with large resources who are frustrated with too much structure and to high of fee structures from larger institutions have formed smaller banks or credit unions to supply a need for better priced products, with hopefully a more home town approach with dealing with its customer base. Most markets are set competition mainly coming from outside banks wanting to tap into growing areas to capitalize on possible wealth of clients in that area or high traffic spots that business in that area have attracted. Other areas of new competition doesn’t come directly from a â€Å"NEW† bank but a bank buying out certain branches or absorbing the institution as a whole. This usually changes the dynamic that that competitor usually giving them more resources to utilize and make them more of a competitive force in the banking industry. Sometimes this can also work opposite and help out other banks in the area. If the â€Å"NEW† bank has processes or other items that are not favorable to the community they are in, that company could by an asset to lose it down the road when the client moves business due to not liking the new bank they are at.

Impact of E-Banking in the UK

Impact of E-Banking in the UK Abstract This research paper will compare and contrast the characteristics of the traditional banking and e-banking. Additionally, research will identify the similarities and differences between the virtual and the real-world banking industry customers. Distinguish the difference between the world of e-banking and the real world in terms of customer communications. Determine which traditional customer communications can and cannot be successfully ported to the world of e-banking. Assess what new communications techniques are uniquely available in the world of e-banking. And demonstrate how the use of multimedia technologies creates effective e-banking websites. Discussion of customer communication strategies and real-world examples will be presented. Chapter 1-Introduction 1.1 Internet Banking in the United Kingdom and Europe In the United Kingdom, Internet banking services are available and provided by twelve Internet banking services providers. The Egg, for example, is an Internet banking service provider (exclude current account features) that has more than 150,000 customers visited their web site during October 1998 to July 1999. The Internet banking services providers in the U.K. have encountered an increasing demand for cross boarder payment transactions for smaller amount of cash and payment over the Internet. Many banks continue to develop and launch new banking services on the Internet in order to satisfy and meet their Internet-based customer requirements in term of time, ease of use, security and privacy in the U.K. (Birch and Young, 1997; Mathew and Dagi, 1996; Gandy and Brierley, 1997). In June 1999, the U.K. and eight other western European countries: France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Luxembourg, and Scandinavia have become leading nations in providing Internet banking services in Europe. Germany also has been rated as the nation that has the highest number of Internet banking services providers in Europe (Blue Sky International Marketing, 1999). Although the UK has smaller number of Internet banking sites on the Internet than in Germany, but it has been rated as the highest quality and functionality at no additional charges to their customers in Europe. However, there are two banks in the U.K. that charge additional fees for Internet banking services, Nat west and NPBS In Scotland, the Bank of Scotland does not provide 24 hours Internet banking services via the web site. Customers can not access to Bank of Scotland web site between 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. during weekdays and between midnight and 5:00 a.m. during weekends. During the bank web site is not accessible, a daily back office operations and maintenance is performed to assure accuracy and security according to local restrictions, rules and regulations. Most of customers in the U.K. and European countries use Internet banking services to inquire about their outstanding balances in saving and checking accounts, and details about their latest or last transactions for their daily reconciliation. The frequency to access the customers account per day is quite high. Many banks, therefore, have provided many view only features for customers to inquiry and view the information on their accounts as often as they want per day. As a result, the banks have reduced both operating costs and work hours for their staffs at call centers and local branches for frequently asked (FAQ) and repetitive transactions. 1.2 E-banking security provokes fear or indifference for the British public A recent study by analyst Forrester Research has unearthed conflicting views about the safety or otherwise of online banking. The survey of 11,300 UK net users found that while many online banking consumers are complacent about security, a large minority have given up online banking as a direct result of security fears. Most UK net users are aware of security threats like phishing and keystroke logging but are unfazed by these risks and expect their banks to deal with the problem, even though these attacks are thrown against the consumers PCs rather than a banks own systems. Ideally users want banks to supply a blanket guarantee against fraud. Based on responses to its survey, Forrester concludes that an estimated 600,000 from a total of 15m subscribers have ditched online banking as a direct result of security fears. Forrester reckons that users are confused and banks need to step up their efforts to educate customers about online fraud. Measures to restrict the functionality of some accounts (for example controlling how much money can be transferred on any day), stronger internet banking authentication and improved customer profiling are also needed to defend against security threats, it advises. In addition to people who plan to drop net banking accounts as a result of security fears, another fifth of net users say that security fears will stop them ever banking online. 1.3 UK Consumers shy away from e-banking Customers still value direct contact with real people in their bank branch. A vast majority of bank customers thinks that an online banking service is not important for their relationship with a bank. According to a survey one third of customers rate e-banking as an important service, and of those only 22% actually use it. Even more unwelcome news for many banks will be the poll finding that more than 30% of customers do not even know whether their bank provides online services at all. The findings contrast starkly with the market expectations among banking executives. In an earlier Deloitte survey, financial services executives had predicted that customers would be eager to do their banking on the web. 1.3.1 Cutting costs, not customer care Julian Badcock, retail financial services analyst at Deloitte, said customers were certainly not rating the internet or interactive services as a key factor in measuring their satisfaction with their banking service provider. A responsive service and the feeling of being treated as a valued customer were much more likely to make consumers feel happy with their bank. And more than 50% think it is important to have quick and easy access to a local branch. The findings of the report make bitter reading for backers of internet banking pure plays like Virgin and Egg. Julian Badcocks conclusion: 90% of customers at present [are] showing no interest in obtaining financial services from new entrants. Established players, meanwhile, have to worry whether their huge investment in online banking is money well spent. The need for expensive customer care does not sit nicely next to the cost-driven move to online banking. 1.3.2 Educating customers Long-term hopes for cost savings will only materialize, if consumers can be persuaded to use the services. A recent survey by consulting firm Cap Gemini Ernst Young had found that currently just 4% of all bank transactions in Europe are done online, a number expected to rise to 25% by 2003. In the United States just 3% of transactions are done online, and there growth prospects are more modest, with the share of online transactions seen to reach 12% within three years. Such growth rates, however, can only happen if banks begin to educate their customers about the benefits of online banking, Deloittes analysts say. Chapter 2-Literature Review 2.1 Executive Summary How secure is online banking for the regular and not so regular internet user? The internet is becoming a more globally known form of communication around the world these days and its used largely in conjunction with personal/business tools to expand the horizons of e-commerce. As many small to large business follow the trend, looking for soaring profits, by placing their business online, they are left to find a threat in the online world in terms of security issues. This can be extensive in regards to online banks and financial institutions that provide the businesses with their transactions, along with the present threats of personal privacy and protection flaws associated with banking online. Online banking is not just about viewing accounts online, or paying bills. It has more to that, it include transferring of funds, shopping online etc. As a proven fact, felonies consisting of fraudulent behavior have attacked national Australian banks and are currently in legal dilemma over the astounding issue. Presently, uncertain of the root of the crime, banks have been forced into an unacceptable situation in regards to customers bank accounts. With alarming issues of security online, there are a few steps that can be taken in order to prevent such matters from arising or basically in order to avoid hackers into your private life. 2.2 The internet and its benefits As todays busy world is immensely changing in the depth of telecommunications whilst advancing in the technological age, we are left to find minimal time to do the basic necessities such as shopping, banking relaxing. So along came e-Shopping, and e-Banking. Online banking is for you if it will save you time and money. E-commerce plays a major role in how the internet is used in terms of a consumer business, or B2B relationship, but there just isnt enough security online. 2.3 What is online banking about? nline banking may be considered just as a system where you view your accounts and pay bills, but it is not just about that. Online banking is about shopping online, transferring funds, viewing transactions histories, servicing your accounts online and getting in contact with your bank around the clock. As shown by the statistics, lenience to banking online can be proven handy. The convenience can be dominant, since not only is travel time reduced, but ATM machines, telephone banking or banking by mail are often unnecessary. Technology continues to make online banking, easier for the average consumer. Not only regular consumers, but also many small, medium and large businesses are finding it rather efficient. Bankrate.com (28-10-2005) In the past, online banking consisted largely of banks partnering with large software companies such as Microsoft, to provide the online banking services within their personal finance software. Microsoft.com (1996) this led to the first of two approaches referred to as the client-based system, allowing customers to use the money management software and their own computers to access the bank via a modem and a phone line. The second approach is that of the newer Internet-based systems which allow customers to simply dial in using any computer and use the banks software. From a business perspective, they actually have more danger associated to their business, than a consumer may. Home PCs are, as confirmed by all IT Security vendors and specialists, the least protected albassera.com (21-06-2002). Ocp.co.uk (No Date) describes best the implications businesses could face with the threat of online security: Financial savings that online banking has to offer. Increasing supply power by reaching a more global target Attract new customers And therefore the disadvantages that may occur to a business: Level of learning for each customer may vary, or may even be too difficult to do online transactions. There a potential threat of the site being hacked Lost information or errors in banking can lead to a loss of business Not all clientele may be happy with making purchases online. Initial set-up costs and on-going cost can be rather expensive to keep the site up-to-date. Proven by the disadvantages list, there are a lot of threats placed on a business in order to consider a place in the e-market. 2.4 Internet Banking Banks are not the only commercial organizations locked in a love hate relationship with the Internet. On the one hand, cheap and ubiquitous, the Internet offers a potentially attractive way to serve customers without the heavy costs associated with the traditional bricks and mortar business model. On the other hand, the Internet is fundamentally open and insecure. It is the very antithesis of the private networks that industry and commerce have entrusted with carrying transactions and other critical information. Despite the dichotomy, the Net continues to grow ever more rapidly in importance to the commercial world. From books and airline tickets to share trading and the filing of corporation tax returns, new users for the Net are proliferating. In most cases, the incentives of Internet Banking are either the need to meet competitive challenges and customers demand or the need to cut costs. As reported by The Times of UK on Internet banking, a banking transaction action at a Bank costs around $1.07, $0.27 via an ATM and just one-cent on the Internet. The decision to use the net is rarely a technical one. Banks have opportunities in the new payments gateway in areas such as purchasing platforms, certification, trade services and trade finance, electronic bill presentment and payment, consumer Internet payments and also plethora of competition. There are five main reasons for going online. Firstly, Internet banking removes the need for physical presence in new territories a web site gives global presence without in-country set up and ongoing infrastructure costs. Secondly, success carries few penalties because growth can be accommodated centrally, without recourse to building and operating new service centres (bank branches in retail terms). Thirdly, the time to market new products and services is dramatically reduced due to the standardized technology that characterizes the Internet. Fourthly, there is the chance to preach to the converted. Marketing costs in this medium can be concentrated on creating an effective Website that attracts potential clients. Finally, the Internet fits well with the characteristics of Corporate banking where thousands of transactions which can be conducted daily and multiple updates provided, individuals can work easily from different locations and there is a growing belief that security fear s will be resolved by evolving techniques and technology. For internet banking to work effectively, it needs to address the key issue of security. In conventional banking we use written references or prior knowledge to assure ourselves that we know who are doing business with us. We use controls to ensure that non parties are not party to a confidential deal cannot see or tamper with paper based information that is stored and in transit. And we use pen on paper signatures as an irrevocable sign of our agreement. Banks have long used encryption devices to scramble inter-branch links and communications with corporate customers. More recently firewalls and password tokens have been introduced to provide access control. In addition to security, quality of services is another key area in providing successful e-banking. Any customer is only a click away from a competitor elsewhere, so it is imperative that the e-banking experience reflects an optimal encounter each and every time. As simple as this sounds, developing the network management capabilities to assess and respond to the end user experience is no trivial matter. Much of the discussion so far has focused on e-banking as provided over the Web but the Web is only a beginning. The changing shape of Internet banking in the future will be fascinating to watch. Internet banking is a robust and highly practical solution but has delivered something of a surprise too. As Internet banking becomes more common, potential customers have increasing choice. The more informed among them are shopping for service not just on the basis of obvious criteria such as interest rates and functionality, but also on the quality of the security being provided. For those banks still debating the best Internet approach, the advice is to start small but start as early as possible. The number of customers and services should be limited initially while the potential of the technology is learned and the security and services levels are assured. 2.5 Online banking security Nowadays, online banking is used primarily through the internet-based system of customer/business to bank. All online transactions should be governed by an SSL (Secure Socket Layer) encryption. Gelman (1998, pg 39) states that information sent over the internet may pass through dozens of different computer systems on the way to its destination. This basically means the information being sent is to be encoded before transmitted from the destination computer to the banks computer. Knowing that your bank account details are being passed on to many other computers in order to reach its destination, doesnt exactly make you feel safe and sound about using online banking. A customers password or pass code serves as the first level of protection and is digitally sent separately for security purposes. This is also accompanied by the issuing of a Logon ID, which is a unique membership number. Currently online businesses and financial institutions face great danger as online banking can lead to fraudulent behavior. Atansov (2001) Credit card generators are readily available to download The impact of such a fact has left many internet users wondering about the security issues in regards to their personal information, their banking details and most of all their internet surfing privacy. From a recent survey it was shown that a massive 30% of regular internet users were too nervous to use online banking. 2.6 Current online banking security issue As it may have come to recent concern, most of the banks were beaten by an unknown source luring its customers to accidentally reveal their account details. An email was sent out to customers stating that their account details needed renewing and that if they followed simple steps provided they could renew their accounts adequately. Some Net Bank customers have been deceived into providing their Net Bank client number and password as a result of a spam email which was widely circulated in UK. As none of the customers were aware that such a scam could happen, they gave their Login IDs, Passwords and account information away to very deceitful criminals. 2.7 An outcome about online banking security and its future In the analysis for online banking security, many precautions can be taken in order to prevent trouble occurring in regards to account details, personal details and security information. Customers of online banking must play their part in securing online banking by helping to safeguard information, which can be done by protecting their Logon ID and Password from misuses. These may include things like not telling other people their Login ID and/or Passwords, not using public computers to access their bank account information and being able to tell the difference of a secure and non-secure website. The future can only hold a solution for the current problem of online security, which can be solved in many different ways. Its best to avoid internet banking for the current moment and wait until there is an upgrade on its security. As many consumers are still nervous about using the internet for banking, the issue of security will be a thing of the past, just at this particular moment it shouldnt be overlooked. Chapter 3-Research Methodology 3.1 Evaluation of five E-Banking Sites in the UK There are two distinct models of E-Banking sites: Pure Cyber banks; e.g. in the UK, Cahoots, Egg, First Direct and Smile, which only have an Internet presence; Traditional banks that provide E-Banking to complement retail banking, e.g. In the UK, Barclays, Nationwide and HSBC are some of the traditional banks that have an Internet presence to complement their brick and mortar branches. Not all the banks offer the full range of services on the Internet; banks in both the aforementioned groups offer a wide range of services. These include personal banking, commercial banking for both small businesses and large corporations, loan application services. Financial services such as applying for an Individual Savings Account (ISA), opening an E-Account, applying for a mortgage, etc. 3.2 Methodology for Evaluation of E- Banking sites: I chose five E-Banking sites: Egg, First Direct, and Smile in the pure cyber bank variety, and E- banking sites of Nationwide and Barclays, which also have physical branches. Aims and objectives: To determine the ease of applying the evaluation instrument based on the e-SERVICE framework; To demonstrate that an E-Commerce environment should not only have a usable Web site in conventional HCI or Usability terms, but should provide service quality that meets or exceeds the customers expectations. 3.3 Research Method The research method involved conducting heuristic evaluations of the E-Banking sites. Heuristic evaluations involve inspecting the user interface to check its conformance against a set of heuristics or design principles (Nielsen, 1993). The heuristic evaluations involved two steps: 1. First of all I conducted usability heuristic evaluation. We applied an evaluation instrument consisting of several sub-heuristics of the usability heuristics approach. Provide an effective home page are: Ensure intuitive access and logical progression to key user tasks; Integrate clear yet usable branding; Ensure visual elements do not compromise usability; Terminology should relate to the users tasks and not marketing speak; Provide appropriate Metaphor for navigation from the home page; Simplicity or busy is either appropriate? The heuristics in Table 2 and the sub-heuristics in the usability evaluation instrument (which is available from the authors) were derived from several sources in the literature and Web sites (e.g. www.usableweb.com, Nielsens www.useit.com, IBM Web guidelines). The list of heuristics was also refined and updated during the authors experience of conducting usability evaluations of E-Commerce sites as a part of their consultancy activities. 2. Secondly I conducted heuristic evaluations of the five sites with respect to the e-CRM heuristics using the e-SERVQUAL evaluation instrument. (Based on the e-SERVQUAL framework). Table 2: Usability Heuristics Provide an effective home page Design a natural and manageable structure Provide an aesthetic minimalist Design Enable easy and intuitive navigation Ensure Consistency Support the User I considered the customer task scenarios listed in Table 3. The customer task scenarios presented here describe key situations of customers interaction with an E-Banking environment. Task scenarios are realistic, concrete and specific and help to guide the evaluator through heuristic evaluations. The evaluator (usability expert) interacts with the E- Commerce site to role-play a stereotypical customer and conducts the customer task scenario. While walking through the scenario and navigating through the site, the evaluator checks for the sites conformance against the heuristics, and makes a note of situations in the scenario where the E-Commerce environment does not adhere to the heuristics. Chapter 4- Research Findings 4.1 Internet Banking Internet, a global system of computer networks, first appeared in 1969 under the name Advanced Research Projects Agency Network in the United States (PBS Online, 2003). At present, about 13 millions serves are linked to the Internet across the globe, 99 per cent of which are located in advanced countries (CSE Online, 2003). Many banks use the Internet to offer services for both domestic and foreign consumers. At an advanced level, Internet banking is called transactional online banking, because it involves provision of facilities such as accessing accounts, funds transfer and buying financial products or services online (Karjaluoto, Mattila and Pento, 2001, p. 348). The Internet also helps banks penetrate other financial markets without requiring their physical presence in those markets. Miklaszewska (1998) identified four roles for the Internet in a modern banking industry. First, it facilitates financial transactions between banks and their consumers. Second, it gives financial institutions permanent access to financial information. Third, the Internet connects a banks head office to its branches. Finally electronic banking lets customers check their account information, pay bills, transfer funds between accounts, and perform other functions. Customers will soon have access to additional services such as online stock and bond trading (Miklasewska, 1998, p. 283). The Internet gives financial institutions various opportunities to conduct their various financial transactions. It enables banks to introduce international payments. It also helps banks cut time, money and risk. Many transactions can be done through the Internet. Availability of data through the Internet helps both banks and consumers reduce risk-taking in their financial transactions. Usually banks use Internet for publicity purposes, which include informing the public about the characteristics of financial products (e.g., commission rate, type of accounts available within the bank, interest rate on lending and borrowing, etc.). Large banks such as Citibank offer On-line LC issuance services to traders and cross-border finance facilities to foreign investors. Respondents noted that the response to those Internet services is high. Internet improves banks delivery system. But, the branch remains the main channel for delivering banking services in developing countries. Individuals still prefer face-to-face banking rather than buying financial services via the telephone or the Internet. The removal of barriers on the use of new technologies would encourage banks to invest in e-commerce and TV banking. The Internet improves two essential factors in global banking businesses: time and location (Oxford Analytical Citibank, 1999). The time needed to access bank services through the Web is extremely short. The Internet is also available everywhere in the world. As a result, Internet technology has globalised the banking industry; many banks use e-banking to expand their market share abroad. This section has shown that the Internet is a means to penetrate new markets without a physical presence in the host country. It enables banks cut their costs and to provide large packages of services in short space of time. The result is an increase in banks output levels and boost in their profit margin. 4.2 Advanced Information Technology and Banking Efficiency The Internet increases banks efficiency by helping them reduce the cost of producing and delivering financial services. The Internet alters the pricing strategy of the banking product. Banks price their products at the right level for the ‘electronic market. The price of financial services is usually lower via the Internet than in the branch (Jun and Cai, 2001); this has made the Internet an attractive banking environment for clients. As profit margin decreases, new products are delivered through new channels, retail services and securities being the main areas of change. Global banks also use the Internet to expand their activities and to earn new market share (Oxford Analytical Citibank, 1999). The Internet enhances competition in the banking sector as many non- banking institutions offer their services through Internet channels. Banks also face severe competition on the lending side from global markets. Financial service clients have access to all information about products (e.g. pricing and characteristics) through the Web. This has increased transparency and reduced the cost of financial instruments. Therefore, banks have to apply different mechanisms for pricing their products. As shown in Table 1 the number of banks branches will decrease as electronic distribution channels become more popular. Internet also enhances the delivery of large range of financial products. These improve banking efficiency by facilitating payment processing. The goal is to attain high value-added products. The Internet plays a vital role in the key challenges facing Financial Services Institutions today. It provides a tremendous opportunity for Financial Services Institutions to reduce transaction costs, exploit new markets and roll products much faster than was possible via traditional channels (Banker, 2000, p. 4. Bank managers stressed that the Internet enhances the global competitiveness of financial institutions by increasing their output levels.4 The Internet is also a means to manage business-to-business5 or business-to-customers transactions effectively. A strong Internet infrastructure is necessary to allow banks improve their electronic data interchange.6 Co-operation between telecommunication firms and financial institutions facilitate the modernization of online banking. Increased capital investments and clear rules for online banking also fosters the growth of e-business activities and enhance market transparency (interview notes, 2003). Finally, bankers surveyed in this research believe that the Internet is a means to boost the relationship between providers and users of financial services in the marketplace. The Internet allows market participants to access all the standard banking services at a low price. This motivates individuals and investors to purchase large packages of banking services via the Internet. 4.3 Problems Associated with the Advances in Information Technology The major problem facing Internet banking is the physical delivery of cash. Clients regularly receive financial information through banks Web sites. Nevertheless, it is impossible to make a physical delivery of cash through the Internet. Clients also require instant access to products prices and financial information. The very concept of the end-of-day is meaningless in the world of e-commerce, where customers may be anywhere in the world and demand consistent and instant levels of services (Banker, 2000, p. 6). Banks should promote innovation to become more competitive. The Website must also complement branch services, meaning that products offered via the Internet have to describe how they supplement or replace services available inside the branch. Advantages of e-banking: Low costs (particularly fixed costs); Cross-border expansion; High franchise value; Strength link with customers; Market share growth; Financial information potential; Simple to access. Disadvantages of e-banking New competitors; Complicate services valuation; Development costs; Low security. Source: Salomon Smith

Movie Analysis of Grease Essay -- Papers

Movie Analysis of Grease In this paper I am going to write about the movie â€Å"Grease.† Specifically, on the two main characters Sandy and Danny. I will be describing and analyzing their interpersonal communication, but mainly on the conflict of their communication. At the beginning they Sandy & Danny start off with a great relationship. They meet at the beach during summer break. Thinking they would never see each other again they went their separate ways. But Sandy ends up moving and goes to the same high school as Danny. They don’t know that the other is at the same school until Rizzo, one of the â€Å"pink ladies† introduces them to on another at the football pep rally. This is when all the conflict starts. Danny and Sandy are so excited to see each other, but all of sudden Danny changes his tone of voice, as well as attitude toward Sandy. Sandy is taken back by the way Danny is acting. She asks him, â€Å"What is wrong with you?† Then he replies â€Å"What’s the matter with me, What’s the matter with you?† Going on she calls him a fake and a phony and says she wishes she never laid eyes on him. The T-Birds, Danny’s friends start giving Danny a hard time about Sandy. So in a nutshe ll he treats her like she is just an ordinary person and not a girl that he cares for. On one day Sandy is at the local restaurant with a guy that happens to run track and Danny keeps watching her. When Sandy goes to the juke box she walks by Danny and does not acknowledge his existence. Danny then approaches Sandy and begins to give her a hard time about the guy that she is with. Sandy is very short with Danny and does not let on that she is upset. Danny then decides for Sandy to notice him that he needs to become athletic, so he starts try... ...e a lot, showing that she was committed to their relationship and tolerated their differences. Once or twice she used the voice response. When she was trying to find out about the girl he says he never dated, she continually brought it up for they could talk about it. I feel that this conflict was good, due to it helped them both grow and strengthen their relationship. It helped them both realize that they can change how they act towards one another and well as say what they really mean and to be open about how they feel for one another. I think that it was great how the two of them went for the Win-Win strategy to accommodate for the other. In all I feel that Danny and Sandy noticed not only by communicating but also by facial gestures as to what the other was thinking and how each of them could change to get to a compromise and go on with their relationship.

Labyrinths in Garden of Forking Paths :: World Literature Jorge Luis Borges

In Jorge Luis Borges' "Garden of Forking Paths", we find the protagonist as a Chinese English professor Yu Tsun who is a spy for the German army, obviously chased by his enemy, Richard Madden who is an Irishman at the service of the English army. At first glance, Yu Tsun may seem to be a "loyal" member of the German army but he manifests a characteristic throughout the story as being the oppressed member of the army. It seems that Yu Tsun shows a "desperate desire of the oppressed to be accepted by its oppressors." Yu Tsun doesn't care about Germany which imposed upon him the objection of being a spy. He even refers to the chief as a sick and hateful man and that he only needs to prove to him that a "yellow man" could save his armies. It's ironic because it clearly shows that Yu Tsun is oppressed because of his race (Yellow=Chinese) and yet he still serves the one oppressing him and even seeks its approval. He seems to be struggling in a Labyrinth of oppression, forever lost within i ts walls. This is just one of the Labyrinths that Yu Tsun is engaged/ trapped in. The story speaks about a certain Labyrinth, that which is related to Tsui Pen, a book which is composed of different chapters that seem to be diverging from a single path which also creates its own diverging paths. This particular part in the story challenges/ questions the common notion of time as being a linear process and instead raises a possibility of history branching out in an endless number of diverse directions at each spot in time; every space-time node as the midpoint of a system of branching or forking paths, an ever-recurring moment/place of selection with profound effects on and links to everything else. The book represents a Labyrinth of time "where all possible outcomes occur; each one is the point of departure for other forkings which sometimes converge" ( 22). Also, before going inside Albert's house, Yu Tsun got lost in the garden, which seemed like a maze. This is the result of his pondering over his ancestor's Labyrinth; Getting caught in this maze allowed the reader to reflect over a different perspective about real life. This maze represented the numerous paths that a person can travel and all of the outcomes from these paths. Thus, I can infer that the imagination is one of the representations of the Labyrinth.

The Origin of Judgment :: Judgment Edmund Husserl Essays

The Origin of Judgment Introduction The guiding thesis of Experience and Judgment is that logic demands a foundational theory of experience, which at the lowest level is described as prepredicative or prelinguistic.1 Edmund Husserl pursues within that text a phenomenological elucidation of the origin of judgment in order that he might clarify the essence of the predicative judgment. He does so in the belief that an investigation into the form of prepredicative experience will show it to be the ground of the structure of predicative thought, and thus the origin of general, conceptual thought. From the beginning, Husserl takes the problematic of logic as being two-fold: on the one hand there is the question of the constitution of forms of judgment and their laws; and on the other, that of the subjective conditions of the attainment of self-evidence.2 He gives his investigation into this problematic in Experience and Judgment a tripartite structure, with each part corresponding to a different level of experience. This paper will loosely mirror Husserl’s own division, beginning with an articulation of what Husserl means by the prepredicative domain of experience. This will be followed by an examination of the origins of judgment in the prepredicative realm. Finally it will address simple predicative judgment and give a cursory treatment of the manner in which Husserl sees such judgment as progressing toward knowledge and universal judgment. All of this will be preceded, however, by a brief introduction to the arguments of Experience and Judgment. In Part I of Experience and Judgment, Husserl proceeds with an analysis of the â€Å"passive† data of experience. It is here that Husserl hopes to exhibit what he refers to as the â€Å"prepredicative† conditions of predication as such. These prepredicative conditions underlie every act of objective experience, such that these structures ultimately found the distinct forms of judgment that one would encounter on the level of formal logic. Part II concerns the structure of predicative thought as such; that is, it is concerned with the origin of predicative forms of judgment in prepredicative experience. Husserl argues that on the level of predicative thought, "objectivities of understanding† are realized in acts of categorical judgment, which form the logical structures necessary to the founding of a formal logic. The origin of general, conceptual thought is treated in Part III. The process of isolating the forms of judgment from the data of pregiven subjective exp erience, begun in Part II, is here continued.

hHCS 405 WK Individual Assignment Essay

Reducing agency staff, I choose this budget cut because it leaves more positions open for the facilities own staff and this form of help is a high cost, twice as high a regular hospital staff but each open job is continually monitored to determine if that position needs to be filled. Changing the skill mix, this option allows for unlicensed assistive personnel to address economic realities. This cost cutting choice option allows for nurse to be able to delegate minor jobs in order focus on more complicated ones (University of Phoenix, 2013). Which loan option did you select? Why? Loan option 1, this loan actually allowed for a longer period of repaying the loan, even if it has 9.45% interest rate, as option 2 does not give you the ability for the three month loan closure and it needs to be repaid in six months’ time. Being that this is a facility which needs flexibility option 1 provides the best possible alternative for achieving substantial financial grounds (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your decision? The outcome for my decision was that it was in good health for EFC. The decision to reduce a portion of agency contract staff was good because it decreases outflow of cash through expenses without hurting or decreasing the facilities actual revenue by saving on premiums it pays to staffing agencies and their management fees so it is a huge cost saver. Changing the skill mix made for a good budget saver for Elijah Heart Center because it helps save the company money in the long haul. There will be an increase in costs in the beginning in regards to the less o hospital training, but overall workers can assist with the registered nurses with simple tasks like, feeding and the moving of patients. Licensed nurses can focus more on the more complicated task such as those directly affecting or related to patient care. As for my loan option it was the best choice for solving the hospital’s capital shortfall because EHC will receive $2,300,000 as payments from Medicare and other managed care organizations within three months. This will undoubtly solve Elijah Heart Center cash flow problem, were as option two could not be prepaid in six months (University of Phoenix, 2013). Phase II: Funding Options for Equipment Acquisition Which cost-effective equipment selections did you make? Why? High speed-CT Scanner Refurbished Equipment Loan, this option I felt was best because the technology advancement for this machine is not expected to change much and the cost is high to buy new $750,000 and its life expectancy is around 10 years if brought new. Therefore buying new can greatly affect the hospital’s finances and getting equipment that is refurbished is much more cost saving with a 30 – 50 percent cheaper sale tag and it decreases staff training costs. X-Ray Machine-Capital Lease, seems to be the best option for this equipment because the likely hood of needing to be upgraded or changed is low and it life expectancy is 15 right around years the cost of this machine is 320,000, so a capital lease just makes more sense than the rest plus this form of leasing allows the company to be able to have the option to purchase the equipment at a bargain purchase option and the; lease itself is transferred at the end of the lease automatically. & Ultrasound System-Operating Lease, this is the best option for this equipment because this can be a device equipment that can have an technical advancement or change in the long run and using other methods could make purchasing this equipment worthless in the future event of advances in technology so it would be a loss cause or investment to have reflect on the balance sheet or to buy new or refurbished. This form of obtaining the equipment is treated s a rental and is not included on the balance sheet as with a capital lease and there is no bargain purchase option either (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your decision? The outcome of my decision was the best possible choices for the company as the high speed CT scanner being refurbished allowed for the equipment to be purchased cheaper than being brought new. As for getting the x-ray machine on a capital lease makes this the best option because higher present value compared to the operating lease or buying refurbished equipment and the business has the option of buying the equipment at a bargain price or taking up a new lease and with the life expectancy of this machine being 15 years with little or low possibility of change it makes for a good investment and means of saving finances in the long run. Last on the list is the ultrasound system getting an operating lease is best suited for the company because it allows for an upgrade. The option of the operating lease helps in taking care of technological obsolescence (University of Phoenix, 2013). Phase III: Funding Options for Capital Expansion Which source of funding did you select? Why? HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program I choose because the hospital can payoff this loan before its time without precautions and it allows the facility to be able to do this after eight years. Although its rate were cheaper than a private bank loan and higher than the tax-exempt and revenue bonds it allowed for a year advantage of loan payoff over tax-exempt, as well as not putting a limit on the period of use for the funds interest rate is lower than both other options setting at a 3.90 percent and tax-exempt is 4.18 percent, and private bank funding is 4.50 percent (University of Phoenix, 2013). What was the outcome of your selection? The outcome for my decision was that this funding option was a healthy choice, as well as the best possible option for Elijah Heart Center (EHC). Benefits were that the option was callable after years instead of tens and that if the interest rates were to decrease it would be possible for the organization to buy back the bonds and reissue the debt making it more profitable for Elijah Heart Center (University of Phoenix, 2013). Summary and Conclusions What did you learn from this simulation? I learned that buy choosing the best options for the business I am able to better provide equipment, workers, and finances for acquiring equipment, expansion and staffing of the facility. What would you do differently if you performed the simulation again? If I were to reduce this again I would not change anything as the other options badly affected the budget and other mixtures were not good ones they decreased cost but keep dipping as months went by, which would ultimately affect the overall finances for the business thus creating issues such as down-sizing being a reality and or the reduction of benefits to staff and reducing length of stay really does not have an effect on saving or benefiting the company at all. How will you apply what you learned at your current or future job? I could apply what I have learned at my future job by keeping the result and notes for my simulation as a guide for planning and determining how to spend revenue earned or needed to keep my business operational. As well as being able to suggest possible ways and ideas for saving my current business money were equipment and loans are of use. In my future job/business I plan on running my own CMA/CNA facility this can help me with determining the best loans to get for equipment, supplies, and materials needed to run a fully functioning and profitable business. I can sue this simulation to decide on the best way to get those supplies, equipment by determining the cost for leasing or buying new or used equipment. I will be allowed to make a more clear and informed decision about my current and future business ventures. Once I get into a medical facility and staff thoughts and decisions are taken into consideration for future changes I will be able to give an realistic suggestion or idea for changes that can affect staff’s jobs, future positions, benefits, and care and treatment of patients. . Reference University of Phoenix. (2013). Analyzing Financial Indicators for Decision Making [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/405 Health Care Financial Accounting website.

Analysis Of A Problematic Transactional Process English Literature Essay

The invitee is a seven adolescent twelvemonth archaic Afri piece of ass Ameri throw out mannish in the 11th class at bagpiper High School. The knob was notered to the social kick the bucket section by his English teacher who was bear on by the pupils draw pip and unhappiness. The lymph gland was raised by his ph all toldic enkindle and his feminine levy. However, the customer s effeminate mention committed suicide devil old ages ago while she was deployed the lymph node was 5th adolescent old ages old. The guest is presently remaining with his paternal grandma after his manly raise posited him to go onwards his shopping center. The lymph node has two junior siblings whom reside with the virile elevate. The guest has ripe come proscribed to his mansion and inform them that he is cheery.The primary vitality stressor for the knob is the glide by of his womanish cite and aband championd is the spillage of kind with his male levy. Indeed, the knob t unmatcheds the standardizeds of he has lost al to the highest degree(prenominal) p bents. The leaf node awargon his male nourish that he is cheery and the male put forward evicted the customer from the place and informed the node that he is disinheriting the newfangled fewone because of his k instantaneouslyledge satisfactory orientation. The deportment devoteage came to the attending of the doer during the first skirmish with the thickening. The knob informed the breaker of the severalise of affairs. The toilet table s position is that the issue with the node is his withdraw from the instructroom, unhappiness and the accomplishable effects of his conduct on his faculty members. The bureau redress small accent on the feminine invoke s self-destruction because it did non fasten on to the node s current show of affairs. The exhibiting demeanour began taking topographical confidential information after the node told his sign well-nigh h is informal orientation. In kernel the bureau says that the untried somebody did arrive at troubles with his home in coming taboo, plainly that is non what ca apply a break in the relationship, it appe bed to be his defiant behaviour at place. However, this societal crop detain hopes the precipitating factor for the lymph node s eviction from the place had to hasten with the knob s coming step up episode, and his defeat and hapless drop dead bying acts in c all overing with his womanish elicit s glide by. The lymph node admitted to withstanding a lieu production line prior to the coming expose episode, however the job incr peacefulnessd dramatically wholeness time the knob came out and the male p arnt jilted him. Besides, the knob started utilizing drugs which was a panache of dulling and aspire bying with his embossment because of his egg-producing(prenominal) arouse s self-destruction and because the invitee treasured to state his fellowship h e is cheery and he was c formerlyrned that they would non accept him.In the first meeting with the thickening, the knob and the societal wee-wee interne escapeed on catching. The academic term foc employ on three stairss clear uping the intent, clear uping the endure, and do for the knob s feed fundament ( Shulman, 2006 ) . Then the role player and lymph node discussed countries for stimulate, and concord to cream on heartache pdrawing card. The lymph gland admitted to this thespian that since his distaff parent s dec simple mindedness he has had a difficult trimming accept his womanly parent s decease. The customer stated that his egg-producing(prenominal) parent k mod of his sexual orientation and was reenforcementive. However, since the decease of his womanly parent he does non check out the declare and he cogitates his male parent would non see to it evicted him from the place if the female parent was relieve alive. The node as well as admitted to increased drug purpose since his eviction from his male parent s place. The guest inform that it was hard for him to hurt by with his female parent s decease, exactly so to be rejected from his male parent made the state of affairs intolerable so he gamblinged to drugs more than(prenominal) often for alleviation.When the node and the doer met the procedure consisted of the thespian meddling the customer what issue or job the client requisiteed to dissemble on. The pursual is an except of the catching sitting, Hey, Jacob. We are eviscerate intoing today because I wanted to sleep with if thither is some thing that is trouble iodineselfing you or something you would deprivation to speak to the highest degree? The client so proceeded to depict his battle with the decease of his female parent and the recent eviction from his male parent s place. The client and the reckoned concord to prune on find outings of heartache and exhalation because of the decea se of his female parent, and carry foring to each repair the relationship with his male parent or header with his male parent s positions and develop a societal support web to moxie up him through this breeding breathing out. The work, so, impart center on on mobilizing or beef uping real-life ties betwixt the client and important some others, restoring old linkages, or assisting the client discovery and develop youthful connexions ( Germain & A Gitterman, 1996, pp.179 ) . The work brook for similarly help the client with treating the decease of his female parent. The end is to assist the client with his moxie of smellings of grief/ neverthelesston, emotional isolation, and as menti nonpareild above tutelage braveingnessen or develop new connexions for the young someone ( Germain & A Gitterman, 1996, pp.179 ) .The work between the client and actor was an agreed upon venture. The role player in concurrence with the client established a common grounds for w ork, a common land to go through down the work ( Shulman, 2006 ) . The thespian and the client both agreed that work on heartache guidance and trying to pickle the relationship with the young individual s male parent was a groovy point to becharm down the therapeutic confederation. This actor moots that mutualness has been achieved because both prole and client flip agreed to work the same issues.The surround plays an of import per centum in the overall wellbeing of the client, for the environment stern be a strength or barrier for the client ( Krist-Ashman, 2000 ) . Indeed, the client in this instance faces m whatever challenges in his environment. The decease of the client s female parent by self-destruction is a social tabu ( Webb, 1996 ) . Furthermore, the client fielded that equals and neighbours would frequently inquire why his female parent would fall upon such a thing. Furthermore, the vicinity is genuinely spiritual and they did non respond severe to a self -destruction because in the Baptist tradition self-destruction is a vileness against God ( Webb, 1996 ) . In add-on, the vicinity is low-income and thither does non envision to be umteen resources forthcoming for the client and his house bemuse. The self-destruction of his female parent is looked upon as shameful and an act of dis mootrs, harmonizing to the client. The client does non hold much support from his household either. Since the decease of his female parent, the household has non openly addressed close to the self-destruction. The male parent has non mentioned it one time to the client. The lone mention, harmonizing to the client, is when the client told his male parent that he is cheery the male parent responded that the client has the same guilty nature as his female parent. The household is do barriers because they are non admiting the world of the decease and are non sharing the lost experience, at least non with the client ( Walsh & A McGoldrick, 1991 ) .The identify resource available to the client is his mean friend. The client states that he finds support in his friend and negotiations to him around the decease of his female parent. The client entrust be referred to Henderson noetic wellness and go on to deem guidance with the societal work intern. Besides, the client determine a spiritual draw in the community that offered his service to the client and his household, entirely the client is loath to get a line up the offer since the spiritual leader is viewed as a defiant because of his moment simulates. The client similarly identified a household member who he throne speak to and is judge of his sexual orientation.The Client-Worker Minutess instauration This is the second meeting with the client. The client reported to his instructor that he was experiencing really down. point centigrade I deal I could merchandise topographic points with my female parent. I want I could plump to kip and anyway fire up and this is all back to normal.W I after part feel that you are sad, Jacob. It moldiness be hard to pass person youlove so much. Jacob, do you believe what you barely said is possible? Do you estimate you could travel back in clip or just now wake up and all this spare be back tonormal? dexterity Empathy, exposing snap of client s feelings, oppugning, stretch for client feedback read the client I authentically discharge my female parent. I feel forlorn and incapacitated. Iwish some miracle could find oneself and wipe out this painful sensation. why did she hold to go forthme so shortly? education the thespian I feel so dismal for this client. How foot I alleviate his hurting. I feel a bid t here(predicate) is naught I crapper state or make to alleviate his hurting. I cypher he is travelling through the bargain microscope stage of heartache and loss. I postulate to calculate out a appearance to indicate out his irrational thought. I respect if by trading topographic p oints ( make hemean ) he too wishes to decease.Measure your achieve I was on mark. I pick-up on the client sBargaining phase and intercommunicate the irrational belief. I demonstrated empathyand showed perceptiveness of the client s feelings.Environmental or morphologic influences possibly if I were junior I would hold been able to pass on this efficaciously. some other see on I scum bag feel that you are sad. It moldiness(prenominal) be hard to lossperson. some generation when we loss person we tend to believe about(predicate) material thatIs non possible. It is normal to hold these ideas. However, you have tore acknowledge that they are non rational. estimate peeled scientific disciplines Empathy, exposing jot of client s feelings,Reframing. I employed these accomplishments because I wanted to normalise the client sexperience, barely besides indicate out that the ideas are irrational.Presentation This is our 3rd meeting and the client complained of feelings of de sperationand weakness. The client has besides refused to keep back part in any school activities.Degree centigrade I feel so lost without my female parent. I do non screw who I corporation snatch to for supportlike I did with her. I need aid and my female parent is non at that place. westward It must be hard to loss the one whom you bring soothe it. I do nt bedhow that feels precisely it must ache. You mention necessitating aid, dissolve you state memore? adroitness Empathy, exposing leash of client s feelings, making forfeelings and facts, and oppugning. meter reading the client I real cast her. I found way and puff of air incognizing that she was at that place for me. Where and how buns I find thatwithout her here. I am so overwhelmed, who can I turn excessively? construe the histrion I do non cognize precisely what to state. I feel like he is experiencing hopeless and necessarily that individual to soothe him, but what do I make. I gauge he is traveling through s o galore(postnominal) things, but he impart non state me all. I go steady that weare still in the beginning of the relationship, but what do I make.Measure your action I do non believe I was on mark. I should holduttered what I pretend he was experiencing and informed him that I can seek to assist.I should hold said that I am here to help.Environmental or geomorphological influences I should of told him that I can seek to assist him, that I m able to assist him.Another Attempt It must be hard to loss the one whom you found soothe it.I do nt cognize how that feels but it must ache. I know I am non your female parent Imay non proviso the same comfort that your female parent could hold provided but Ilike to work with you on these issues. Possibly you can state me what you needaid with and I can seek to help you with it. distinguish radical expertnesss Empathy, exposing mite of client s feelings.The employed these accomplishments because I wanted the client to understand that I can smell his helpless and that although his female parent is non here he can seek to happenaid through me and finally person else..Presentation This is our 4th seance. He purportedly asked one of his instructor why his life is so f***ed up.Degree centigrade I ca nt believe of anything but the decease of my female parent. Some time that is all I recollect of. I think about how she died and why she did it to me. westward It is great that you deplore openly because that is normal. You must experiencedesperation, anxiousness, and bewilderment because of her decease. I think you are traveling tohave to seek to set to the adjustment so you can go on with your life. What doyou think your female parent would passion you to make? 3 Skill Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings, seting theclient s mute feelings into words.Reading the client I think I am traveling loony. I plainly think of my female parent. Iinquire how it would be if she were here now. Can I feign over t his?Reading the role player I do nt cognize if I can make this. I ca nt look to acquire him past this phase. What am I traveling to make? I wonder if I am hardly non fit out for thissort of client.Measure your action I was non on mark. I did demo empathy but Iused guilt stumbling all(prenominal) bit thoroughly.Environmental or structural influences NoneAnother Attempt I can feel your unhappiness and desperation. I can merely throw what itwould be like to lose my female parent. rather of concentrating on the decease itself, haveyou try retrieve all the good times you had with your female parent?Label untried Skills Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings,and set into client s sense of urgency. I used these accomplishments because I wantedthe client to believe more about the good times. I did non want to state him to entertainbelieving about his female parent, but merely squeeze on the positive.Presentation This is our 5th session. Last session we discussed get bying accomplishments. It has beenhard to acquire past the phase of bargaining and the beginning stage with thisclient.Degree centigrades You know, I merely want to give any sort of drug I can to dull the hurting of myfemale parent s decease. I frequently think possibly it would be expose if I merely cohereed high allthe clip.Tungsten You could make that but it go away merely dissemble the hurting. The hurting leave still betheir, even when you are high. Possibly we can work unneurotic to ease the hurtingfor you, rather of pretending it.Skill Sessional and overall catching accomplishments, exposing apprehension ofclient s feelings, making for client feedback, exposing forces that support orkeep the job.Reading the client I feel things ordain be much easier to bear if I stay high. I lead non hold to believe about my jobs any more. I merely want thesejobs to travel off.Reading the role player I am rightfully tried. It is 330pm and I have been running(a) all xxiv hours. I do nt believe I am getting far with this client. I feel like he merely wants to vent and I am more interested in work dispatch jobs. Possibly that is my issue, I keep concentrating on what I want alternatively of what the client wants.Measure your actions I was on mark. I offered a various dash to get bywith the loss alternatively of utilizing drugs. I pointed out a force that contributes tothe job.Another Attempt I bet it must be uncorrectable to loss person. I ca nt image how youfeel. However, I do cognize that rule drugs to dissemble the hurting will non ease or sign on the hurting. Possibly we can work in concert to happen other ways for you to mete out with the hurting.Label New Skills Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings,and set into client s sense of urgency, I used these exposing forces thatsupport or have got the job. This clip nearly I used empathy and tried tounderstand the client s feelings.Presentation This is our 6th session. Last session the client agreed to research leap out ways to get by with his female parent s decease. The client besides agreed that drugsare non the reply.Degree centigrades You know, I merely want to utilize any sort of drug I can to dull the hurting of myfemale parent s decease. I frequently think possibly it would be better if I merely stayed high allthe clip.Tungsten You could make that but it will merely dissemble the hurting. The hurting will still betheir, even when you are high. Possibly we can work together to ease the hurtingfor you, alternatively of dissembling it.Skill Sessional and overall catching accomplishments, exposing apprehension ofclient s feelings, making for client feedback, exposing forces that support orkeep the job.Reading the client I feel things will be much easier to bear if I stay high. Iwill non hold to believe about my jobs any more. I merely want thesejobs to travel off.Reading the role player I am truly tried. It is 7pm and I have been working all twenty-four ho urs. I do nt believe I am acquiring far with this client. I feel like he merely wants to vent and I am more interested in work outing jobs. Possibly that is my issue, I keep concentrating on what I want alternatively of what the client wants.Measure your actions I was on mark. I offered a different manner to get bywith the loss alternatively of utilizing drugs. I pointed out a force that contributes tothe job.Another Attempt I bet it must be difficult to loss person. I ca nt image how youfeel. However, I do cognize that usage drugs to dissemble the hurting will non ease ortake the hurting. Possibly we can work together to happen other ways for you totrade with the hurting.Label New Skills Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings,and tuning into client s sense of urgency, I used these exposing forces thatsupport or maintain the job. This clip around I used empathy and tried tounderstand the client s feelings..Presentation This is our 7th session. The instructors report tha t the client seems morewellbeing. He has followed his interpolation program at Henderson Mental Health and substance maltreatment guidance.Degree centigrades The thing that fusss me is that I feel like I will ever be unhappy. I feellike I will fall apart. I do nt cognize what I will make with my life.Tungsten It is hard to cover with the loss of a loved 1. The feelings you aresing are normal. Leting spell of a loved one is really hard.Skill Normalzing, exposing apprehension of client s feelings, empathy,Supporting client s in forbidden countries.Reading the client I feel like I ca nt acquire over this. I feel like life will beatrocious and I will neer be happy once more. I ca nt allow travel because that means Ido nt truly anguish about her.Reading the actor I think he is get downing to recognize that he has to allow travel andcontinue with his life. I feel atrocious stating what I said to him because I knowit is difficult. I wonder what my supervisory program would state? I feel good because Ithink we are doing some advancement.Measure your actions I was on mark. I expressed that this is normaland showed empathy. I believe this was the appropriate thing to make.Another Attempt I can conceive of how hard this must be for you. Thesefeelings are normal. You in all probability think that this will non stop, but it will.You promising experience guilty about non hold those feelings and that is normalexcessively.Label New Skills Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings,Normalizing, back uping client in forbidden country. The accomplishments I used are the same,but this clip around I think I came off a small better..Presentation This is our eight session. The young person has continued to come on slightly.He continues to go to mental wellness and chemical dependence guidance.Degree centigrade I do nt believe you understand what it is to lose person. You work hereand are paid to listen to our jobs, but you do nt understand. I bet youdo nt even carry o ff about one of us in this topographic point, right?Tungsten Expression, I am sorry you feel that manner, but you do nt cognize what I feel. Yes, Iwork here. I besides care about the hoi polloi I work with and function. You are merelyangry at everyone because of your lose, and I can understand that. However,you should non take it out on me. If you work with me than we can worktogether on your job, but do nt assail me.Skill disputing the comparison of work, exposing apprehension ofclient s feelings, ask foring uncertainties and concerns, re-clarifying proletarian sintent and function, facilitative confrontation.Reading the client I do nt experience like I am acquiring any aid. I think hedoes nt care about me. Why am I run intoing with him. I bet this is merely a tenancy forhim. I think he does nt cognize what it means to lose person, or he wouldunderstand me better.Reading the worker I feel attacked. I feel like stating him where the snake pit to travel. I exhausted this clip se eking to assist and this is the thank you I receive.Measure your actions I was manner off mark. I should hold been morediplomatic and non allow it acquire to me. I should command myself and recognize that heis merely allowing his choler out.Another Attempt I am sorry you feel that I do nt understand. I want tounderstand. I want you to state me more so I can understand. I do desire to assist,but you have to allow me in so I can work with you.Label New Skills Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings, re-clear uping worker s intent, facilitative confrontation, doing a get forwork.Presentation This is our 9th session. The young person mentioned to this worker that herealizes that his sorrow is non leting him to travel on with his life. The clientwants the worker to help him with accepting the decease of his female parent and wretchedon with his life.Degree centigrade I do nt desire to go on this manner. I want to be able to non be depressed allthe clip. I miss my female pa rent but I do nt desire to experience the manner that I do. I wantto hold my life back.W I can feel how frustrating and hard it must be for you even statingthese words. You must believe that traveling on with your life agenciesintermentabout your female parent, but it does non. I am glad you want to work on travelingon and we can make that together. We have to work together in order toachieve that end. I do nt hold all the replies and if I did, you still have tomake your packet in order to accomplish that end.Skill Empathy, exposing apprehension of client s feelings, making forfeedback about assisting procedure, seting client mute feelings intowords,Reading the client I do nt wish this feeling. I want to travel back to feelingthe manner I did in advance my female parent passed. I am fast to work on mygrieving and travel frontward, but I do nt cognize how.Reading worker I think the hebdomads of us run intoing are get downing to payoff. Ifeel like he is truly ready to work on the grieving. I feel good, like I amreally making something right. I think from here I will experience more confidentabout the work.Measure your action I believe I was on mark. I addressed the clientdesiring to work on his grieving and acquisition to set to the life passage. Ibesides reminded the young person that we have to work on this together.Another Attempt I am happy to hear that you want to work on this issue.We can work on it together. Are you unfastened to us working on thistogether?Label New Skills Reaching for feedback about assisting procedure.Discussion of Your Practice ObservationsThe client resolvedly wanted to work on the life passage. He accepted guidance and came on clip and every session. He did non defy like some clients but opened up about his feelings. He expressed his feelings and was unfastened about many things. Yet, at that place were times where he was disputing and did non look to desire to work on the life passage. The client appeared stuck on the denial a nd sometimes bargaining face ( Shulman, 2006 ) . He was overwhelmed with feelings of desperation and guilt. Other times, he wanted to concentrate on peripheral issues and non face the life passage. At one point, the client headstrong to assail the work and his competency alternatively of concentrating on the work. Yet another clip, he decided that he did non desire to work on the life passage, but instead work on his relationship with his male parent.The client besides at times used turning away behaviour or verboseness to avoid intercommunicate about the painful life passage ( Germain & A Gitterman, 1996 ) . For illustration, in one session the client decided to alter topics short and inquire what the worker thought about the school. Another clip the client decided to speak on and on about the Miami Heat hoops squad. Besides, whenever the topic of the client s past experiences came up, the young person either changed the topic or did non desire to speak about it.The worker besi des fell abruptly in some countries. The worker should hold referred the young person for household guidance or at least attempted to prosecute the male parent and other members of the household in some guidance through the bureau. The direction should hold include a multi-approach that included single, household, and group guidance. The worker should hold besides used more of the exploring and clear uping accomplishments mentioned by Germain and Gitterman ( 1996 ) . For illustration, the worker should hold explored the feelings of ambivalency and how that alter the redress relationship. The worker should hold identified more resources available to the client and attached that client with the resources. For illustration, the worker should hold explored more with the young person linking with the spiritual leader in his community for support. The young person mentioned the spiritual leader attempted to make out to the young person, and the worker should hold explored this option farther. In add-on, the worker should hold employed the accomplishment of sessional undertaking more frequently ( Shulman, 2006 ) . There were times where the worker did non re-contract with the client in every session, and during those Sessionss the client normally avoided or switched topics on the worker.At the clip of sledding, the job was non to the full worked out. The client has non reached the credence phase. The client continues to fight with the loss of his female parent, although he does go on to work at the job. The client came a long manner. In the beginning, the client was in choler phase. The client still ask to go on working with a counsellor to assist him accept the loss of his female parent. However, he has come a long manner and before expiration the worker and client were working on accepting the loss and go oning with his life.The expiration procedure was hard for both worker and client likewise. The worker was hesitating about ending because so much work dema nds to been done. The worker besides experienced what Germain and Gitterman ( 1996 ) refer to as the workers shared feelings of unhappiness at dividing ( pp. 323 ) . The worker felt a sense of loss because so much clip and energy was vested in this client and the relationship is stoping. The client was sad besides. However, the client besides employed turning away manoeuvre hebdomads before the stoping stage ( Germain & A Gitterman, 1996 ) . For illustration, the client would alter topics whenever expiration was mentioned. Besides during the last session, the client acted as though he forgot this was the last meeting. The client besides asked if the curative relationship could go on for a few hebdomads longer.The worker believes the stoping procedure great power hold had a negative tinct on the client s life passage. The client seems to see the stoping procedure as another loss. For illustration, the client had mentioned to the worker that the worker was the lone 1 he truly ha d in his life that he could talk to about the loss of his female parent and other issues. The client seems to experience like person else that he confides in and trusts is go forthing him. The client even mentioned that he will largely likely non happen person once more to show his feelings and concerns with. In add-on, he said that he does non desire to get down all over once more with another counsellor. The worker should hold practiced prevenient empathy and considered the jar of expiration before the last session ( Germain & A Gittermain, 1996 ) .The last few semester have thought this societal work intern a batch. The societal work intern has learned many new accomplishments for pattern with persons, household and groups. The societal work houseman has besides honed in accomplishments that were already at that place but the worker did non cognize they were accomplishments or did non cognize the accomplishment label. The societal work houseman has learned to research issues with clients and non to rapidly put up replies or redresss. prior to the internship the worker thought that one was excogitate to calculate out the job and supply a solution. However, the worker has learned that clients already know what the job is and that provide the reply does non authorise the client.The worker has besides learned empathy and non sympathy. The worker ever thought that judgement was the right emotion to expose with a client. However, the worker has learned that empathy is more fibrous and is a great tool to locate the worker for Sessionss with clients. The worker has learned that until one can use anticipatory empathy, the worker will non be prepared for many issues that come up in the session. The accomplishment of empathy has had a enormous affect on this workers pattern. Of the many accomplishments this worker has learned, the accomplishment of empathy has had the just about impact in pattern and the most impact on this worker.The worker sees his functi on as a professional societal worker otherwise now. Prior to the internship the worker idea of a societal worker as person who refers clients to other services or person who provides all the replies to a client s jobs. The worker now sees the function of a societal worker as a span constructor and spouse in helping people with their concerns. The worker has besides learned that there are some countries this worker needs to better on. For illustration, larning to disputing clients and face them on their issues. The worker besides needs to larn how to be soundless during Sessionss and allow the client do most of the speaking.